Sherry Flashcards
??What’s the Sherry making process?
1:Harvest in September
2:PX are sun dried to increase sugar level
3:Palomino pressed immediately
4:First 60-70% free run juices are used for Fino and Amontillado
5:Next 23% for Oloroso, remainder used for distillation.
6:Traditionally grapes plastered抹上with Gypsum (yeso) to precipitate使…产生tartrates酒石酸. Now the must is treated with Tartaric acid to create acidity.
7:Fermentation in stainless steel or occasionally in 600L Bota.
8:Produces乙醛（acetaldehyde）which give distinctive flavours.
9:Fortification-grape spirit+old wine (if required)
10:Fino’s fortified to max 15.5% and Oloroso to 17%
11:Regulations of 2021 permit wines with natural alcohol content of 15%/17% to be classified as Sherry (unfortified wines).
?? Alcohol comparison of different sherry types?
Fino: 15%-17%
Amontillado: fortified to 16%, final alcohol rised to 20%-22%
Oloroso: 17%-18% killing flor, final alcohol is 20%-24%abv
Palo Cortado:17%-22%
Natural Sweet Wines: 15%-22% abv
Pale Cream: 15.5% abv
Medium Cream: 15.5%-22% abv
Cream: 15%-22% abv
?? What’s Almacenista?
Stockholder in Jerez who buy butts of Anada sherry and mature them in solera, sometime they bottle the sherry and shell, it’s old original sherry unblended and dry.
?? What’s the stockholder called in Sherry?
Almacenista
?? If an Amontillado sweetened, what can be labeled?
Medium cream or cream sherries
?? When is flor grown strongly?
Spring and autum
?? What’s the alcohol content of Amontillado?
20% or 22% abv
?? Which style of sherry can be dry or off dry?
Oloroso
?? Which sherry styles have both biological ageing and oxidative ageing?
Amontillado, Palo Cortado
?? which styles of sherry must be dry?
Manzanilla, Fino, Amontillado, Palo Cortado, Almacenista
?? What’s the meaning of VOS? VORS?
Very old sherry; Very old and rare sherry
?? Which type of sherry have only oxidative aging?
Oloroso
?? Which type of sherry under gone biological ageing only?
Fino
?? How many years ageing for VOS and VORS sherry?
More than 20years for VOS, more than 30years for VORS
?? What’s the raw sherry called生酒？
En Rama
?? Which types of sherry can be made into VOS or VORS?
Only Fino and Manzanilla
?? What’s the alcohol content of Natural sweet wines of Sherry?
15%-22% abv
?? What are the differences between Pale Cream, Medium Cream, Cream?
Pale Cream: blend of dry sherry with rectified concentrated grape must (RCGM)浓缩精馏葡萄汁; 15.5% abv
Medium Cream: blend of Natural Sweet Wines with RCGM, 15.5%-22% abv.
Cream: made from Oloroso added with sweetening and colouring (PX), 15%-22% abv.
?? What’s East India?
Sherry initially went cross the equator by sailing and now is a brand of Lustau
?? What’s Natural Sweet Wines?
Made from sun dried Pedro Ximenez or Moscatel grapes, the must is fermented to 5% abv and fortified to 15%-22% abv.
?? What’s the mini. aging for Amontillado?
Min 2years under biological ageing, when flor dies off or be killed with further fortification, it needs to be aged un oxidative ageing for further mini. 2years.
So total mini. 4years.
?? What does cabeceo mean for sherry?
The final blending (from different criaderas of solera plus sweetening or colouring and maybe more alcohol/fortification)
?? What’s the scale called in solera system?
Criaderas
?? What’s the special small cup called to take a taste of wine from sherry butt?
Venencia
?? What does “saca” mean?
For sale (sherry drawn off from the solera)
?? What’s the final alcohol content of Fino sherry?
15%-17% abv
?? Which is the driest style of all sherry?
Manzanilla (with salty, yeast and bitter taste)
?? How much % of the wine could be taken to sell in the solera system by law?
No more than 1/3
?? What’s the traditional sherry glass called?
copita
?? What’s the term for sun dried?
asoleao
?? What’s sobretabla?
The new single-year wine
?? Name the three types of fino gave by the second classification?
Uno Palma, dos palma, tres palma
?? What’s copita?
Traditional sherry glass
?? What’s the casks called in Sherry?
Botas
?? Name the two DOs of Sherry? Difference?
Jerez-Xeres-Sherry and Manzanilla-Sanlucar de Barrameda;
All the regulations are the same except that Manzanilla must be matured in Sanlucar de Barrameda.
?? What’s the alcohol content of the base wine to make sherry?
11%-12.5% abv
?? When is the first classification took place for sherry production?
January following the harvest
?? What’s arrope?
Vino de color, from boiling mosto(grape juice) of Pedro Ximenez down to 1/5
?? If the vino de color boiled from mosto(grape juice) of Pedro Ximenez down to 1/3, what is it called?
Sancocho
?? How long must sherry spend in solera system?
3years plus one day.
?? How long must sherry be aged for minimum?
2years for all types (Amontillado 4years)
?? What’s the grass mats called for drying Pedro Ximenez?
Esparto
?? What’s the final blending called for sherry?
cabeceo
?? What’s venencia?
A special cup with a long handle used to take a taste of wine from sherry butt.
?? Why is yeso added to the pressing of Sherry grapes?
To make wine more acid and for clarification.
?? What’s the process of drying Pedro Ximenez grapes? How long does it take?
Soleo; 1-2weeks
?? What’s the gypsum called in sherry production?
Yeso
?? What’s the maxim yield for Sherry?
70L of must from 100kg of grapes
?? What’s Añadas?
The dry wines are classified in January following the harvest, as Fino or Oloroso, are known as wines of the year called Anadas
?? Since when can sherry be also produced in neighboring communes apart from Sherry triangle? In which communes?
Since 2022;
Trebujena, Lebrija, Chipina, Rota, Chiclana, Puerto Real
?? What’s the three sections of the pressing to make sherry?
Primera yema (free run juice best quality)
Segunda yema
Mosto prensas (unclassified wine and distillation)
?? Where is Pedro Ximenez planted?
DO Montilla-Moriles (then transferred to Jerez region to mature in solera system and sold as Sherry legally)
?? What’s the % of Palomino Fino of Sherry’s total planting?
98%
?? How many pagos are there in Sherry region?
150
?? Name the largest pago of Sherry?
Macharnudo
?? Name three pagos in Jerez Superior?
Añina, Carrascal, Balbaina
Will Sherry always be fortified?
Even more fundamentally, there have been discussions over whether it will remain necessary to fortify a wine to fall under DO regulations. It would simply need to reach the required level of alcohol during fermentation. This is an overt attempt to diversify the range of styles available from Sherry to extend the region’s appeal to consumers.
?? Name the best Pago in Sanlucar de Barrameda?
Miraflores
?? Which river goes through Jerez Superior?
Guadalete River
?? The sherry wine produced by whom?
Bodegas de Crianza y Expedicion
?? What’s the % of chalk in albariza soil?
60-80%
??What’s “barros” soil in Jerez? Where is it found?
Clay, concentrated in low-lying valleys.
It’s not suited to lighter styles of Sherry i.e. Fino. Much is now being vine pulled due to over production
??What’s “arenas” soil in Jerez? Where to find?
Sandy soil, common in coastal areas.
It is not particularly good for Palomino as it doesn’t retain enough moisture needed for Palomino to grow properly. Moscatel does better here because it is more heat tolerant and doesn’t need as much water. Moscatel de Chipiona is a speciality from the area.
??Where are the most pagos located in Jerez region? Please name 3pagos?
Jerez de la Frontera;
Macharnudo, Añina, Carrascal.
?? The must (mosto de yema) of sherry is divided into three stage of quality, which are they?
Primera yema: free run juice (60-70%);
Segunda yema: press wine(23%);
Mosto prensa: poorer quality press wine for distillation.
?? What kind of oak are Sherry base wines underwent alcoholic fermentation in classically? How about mordern style?
In new American oak butts of 600 liters.
Today, most sherry is fermented in temperature-controlled stainless steel tanks of 50,000liters.
??What’s the Sherry making process?
1:Harvest in September
2:PX are sun dried to increase sugar level
3:Palomino pressed immediately
F4:irst 60-70% free run juices are used for Fino and Amontillado
5:Next 23% for Oloroso, remainder used for distillation.
6:Traditionally grapes plastered抹上with Gypsum (yeso) to precipitate使…产生tartrates酒石酸. Now the must is treated with Tartaric acid to create acidity.
7:Fermentation in stainless steel or occasionally in 600L Bota.
8:Produces乙醛（acetaldehyde）which give distinctive flavours.
9:Fortification-grape spirit+old wine (if required)
10:Fino’s fortified to max 15.5% and Oloroso to 17%
11:Regulations of 2021 permit wines with natural alcohol content of 15%/17% to be classified as Sherry (unfortified wines).
??What’s Bota?
Made from American oak, 600L capacity, only filled up to 500L (for sherry’s biological and oxidative aging).
??What’s the style of Fino Sherry? What’s the final alcohol content?
Dry, Light, delicate, almond-toned style, a salty tang; 15-17% abv.
??What’s the style of Amontillado?What’s the final alcohol content?
Dry, Flavor and color are deepen than Fino, robust and hazelnut character; 16-22% abv.
??What’s the style of Oloroso? Final alcohol content?
Meaning “fragrant”, it’s dry or off fry, spicy, walnut tones and a smooth mouthfeel; 17-22%abv.
??What’s the style of Palo Cortado?
Dry, it combines the richness and color of Oloroso, and the pronounced yet delicate bouquet of Amontillado.
??What’s the classification of Sanlucar de Barrameda?
Manzanilla Fina, Manzanilla Pasada, Manzanilla Añada.
??What’s the style of Manzanilla Fina?
Similar to Fino, harvest is a week earlier, resulting wines are lower in alcohol, and fortified to a lower degree. And the solera system moves more quickly than a standard Fino.
??What’s the style of Manzanilla Pasada?
Similar to Fino-Amontillado, lose the protection of flor, and begin to show some oxidative characteristics.
??What’s Generoso Sherry? Name the generoso sherry styles?
Dry wines:
Fino
Amontillado
Oloroso
Palo Cortado
Manzanilla Fina
Manzanilla Pasada
Manzanilla Añada
??Which sweetening agents are available for Sherry blend? What are they made from?
Which agents are more common? Which is rare?
Dulce pasa(甜葡萄干), duce de almíbar(甜糖浆), mistela.
Dulce pasa: from sunned Palomino, is most common in modern Jerez.
Duce de almibar: a blend of invert sugar转化糖 and fino, is rare.
Mistela: sunned Moscatel or Pedro Ximenez (PX is preferred but expensive).
??What’s generoso liqueur ?
These are made fromGeneroso wines (dry wine) and must contain no less than 5 gr/l of sugars.
Consejo Regulador: wines obtained from the traditional practice of “cabeceo” or blending of Generoso Wines with Naturally Sweet Wines, or in certain cases with concentrated must
??Please name some Bodegas de Crianza y Expedicion?
These are the well-known commercial names that place their brand on the label like:
González Byass, Lustau, Valdespino or Barbadillo.
??When did the British love of sherry reach its peak?
By 1870s
??Sherry was one of the first protected Spanish appellations, when was it approved as an official DO? Which organization was established at the same time?
In 1933, Consejo Regulador.
??Which town is in the southeastern border of Jerez?
Chiclana de la Frontera
??Which is the hottest wine region in Spain? Which province is it located? Which river is in the northwest?
Jerez, Cádiz, Guadalquivir River.
??What climatic factors contributed to the development of flor?
The humid Atlantic poniente wind alternates with the dry and hot wind levante, promotes the growth of flor.
??What’s flor?
A film-forming yeast
??Which town is the coolest of the Sherry triangle?
Sanlucar de Barrameda
??What’s the summer average temperature difference between Jerez de la Frontera and Sanlucar de Barrameda?
20°F/ 11°C
??What’s the humid Atlantic wind called in Jerez?
Poniente wind波尼恩特风
??What’s the hot and dry wind called in Jerez de la Frontera?Which effect does it bring?
Levante wind;
Drive man mad, blows from the east, and cooks the grapes on the vines during ripening会把葡萄“煮熟”
??What’s Albariza soil? Where can be found in Jerez?
This soil is concentrated on the gentle slopes of Jerez Superior - a subregion between Sanlucar de Barrameda and Guadalete river.
??Where has the majority of vineyards in Jerez’s appellation?how many %?
Jerez Superior (a sub-region between Sanlucar de Barrameda and Guadaltete river), 80%.
??What’s the synonym of Palomino?
Listán
??What’s the synonym of Moscatel?
Muscat of Alexandria
