Northern Italy Flashcards
What does Arneis mean in Piemont dialect?
Rascal 无赖流氓
What are the characteristics of Arneis?
*early ripenning which makes it the first grape sweet enough to attract the birds and protect the more prestigious Nebbio planted alongside it.
*it has low and irregular yields
*sensitive to disease and peasts
*it prefers sandy soil in Roero
*It has round and creamy texture, need to be picked early to keep the freshness(acidity)
*easy to get oxidized, requires care in the cellar.
Which producers resurrected使复兴 Arneis in the 1960s?
Vietti and Bruno Giacosa
Who made Arneis became most popular wine in the 1980s? What’s the wine called?
Ceretto; Ceretto Blangé Arneis Langhe
Which grape variety is Ceretto Blangé made from?
Arneis
Characteristics of Garganega?
*One of the oldest and most important white grapes of Veneto;
*Thick skinned, very late ripening,
*reliable and generous yields,
*sweet recioto style is rich, honeyed and floral without any botrytis.
*floral, medium body, medium to m+ acidity.
What’s the synonym of Ribolla Gialla in Slovenia?
Rebula
Ribolla Gialla is not the same grape variety from Ribolla Verde, Ribolla Nera, Ribolla Spizade (Prosecco Lungo), Rèbola (Pignoletto) of Emilia-Romagna, Robola of Cephalonia.
Ribolla Gialla is not the same grape variety from Ribolla Verde, Ribolla Nera, Ribolla Spizade (Prosecco Lungo), Rèbola (Pignoletto) of Emilia-Romagna, Robola of Cephalonia.
What’s the meaning of Gialla?
“Yellow” in Italian
What are the characteristics of Ribolla Gialla?
*Primarily in Friuli-Venezia Giulia;
highest quality wines are from old vines on hillsides;
**Very high acidity, so can be made for sparkling wine;
*white pepper, lemon, tangerine;
*often made to orange wines too.
What are the characteristics of Timorasso?
*Very late ripening, difficult to achieve full ripeness, so nearly abandoned.
Today, there is a Timorasso renaissance among quality producers.
**VERY high acidity, ageworthy, rich, powerful, intensely herbal and mineral!
*showing TDN-based flavors of petrol like Riesling.
What’s the color of Timorasso grape? Where is it grown?
White; most planted in Piemonte.
Where is Corvina grown in Italy?
Veneto and Lombardy; best known as the principle grape in Amarone and Valpolicella.
What does Corvina mean?
Little raven小乌鸦
What are the characteristics of Corvina?
*dark color,
*thick skinned with samll berries making it suitable for air-drying and appassimento process,
*high yield,
*sensitive to botrytis and sunburn,
*high acidity, fine tannins, flavors of red cherry, violets, and herbs.
Which grape is called Nebbiolo di Gattinara and Spanna di Ghemme? Is it the same grape from Nebbiolo/Spanna found in Piemonte?
Croatina; Noooo
Which grape is called Bonarda but different from Bonarda Piemontese?
Croatina in Italy and Argentina’s Bonarda; But they are all different.
IS Corvina related to Corvinone?
NO
Which is the earliest ripening of the three main Piemont red varieties?
Dolcetto
Which grape is “little sweet one”?
Dolcetto
What are the characteristics of Dolcetto?
*Medium bodied, purple hue, low in acidity, high in tannin;
*Grapey, lavender, orange peel, black tea flavors;
*If harvest early, it retains acidity and more floral.
*Usually monovarietal.
What are the disadvantages of Dolcetto grape?
Sensitive to frost, storms, cold temperatures and grows close to the ground, making picking difficult; and also can be reductive.
So steadily decreased in recent years.
What is Dolcetto called in Piedmontese dialect?
Dosset
What’s the meaning of Schiava?
Slave 奴隶
What is Dolcetto called in Liguria?
Ormeasco
Where is Schiava grape mainly planted in Italy?
In Alto Adige and Lombardy
Name four clones of Schiava?
Schiava Gentile=Schiava Piccola (small bunches, lightest bodied, most perfumed);
Schiava Grigia=gray bloom, most refined;
Schiava Grossa: large berries, most delicate aromas;
Schiava Nera=Schiava Lombarda in Lombardia
What’s Schiava called in Austria or Germany?
Trollinger
What’s Schiava called in Alto Adige?
Vernatsch
What are the characteristics of Schiava?
Light color, light body, high acidity, fragrant strawberry, violet, and sweet almond flavors.
Which mountain is surrounded on three sides of Piemonte?
Alps and Apennines
Which river extends to the east of Piemonte?
Po River
What is the cause of fog in Piemonte?
Warm air from Po River valley meets the humid air from Mediterranean sea, creating precipitation and fog.
How many DOCGs and DOCs in Piemonte? How many IGT?
19 DOCGs, 41 DOCs; No IGT.
Name two regional DOCs in Piemonte?
Piemonte DOC and Langhe DOC
Which types of wine can be produced from Piemonte DOC?
Bianco: Still dry, Spumante, Passito bianco, passito spumante
Rosato: Still dry, Spumante
Rosso: Still dry, Spumante, Passito, Passito spumante
What’s the producing province of Langhe DOC?
Cuneo
Which types of wines are produced from Langhe DOC?
Bianco, Bianco Passito;
Rosato;
Rosso, Rosso Passito.
Piemonte’s wines have the highest quality level? Why?
Nearly all (94%) of Piemonte’s wines are at DOC or DOCG level.
What’s the origin of Nebbiolo grape?
Fog-like bloom that appears on the dark berries;
Or because it is harvested in the late autumn when thick fog engulfs吞没the Langhe.
Name 3 subvarieties/biotypes of Nebbiolo?
Nebbiolo Lampia: most common and reliable Nebbiolo;
Nebbiolo Michet: more highly valued for the quality; smaller berries, lower yields, higher concentration of aromas and flavors;
Nebbiolo Rosé: prized aromatic perfume and pale color.
Name 3 synonyms of Nebbiolo?
Chiavennasca in Lombardia’s Valtellina;
Spanna in Ghemme, Gattinara;
Picoutener/Picotendro: The French and Italian names for the smaller-bunched and darker-berried Nebbiolo in Valle d’Aosta and Carema.
What’s the Synonym of Nebbiolo in Valle d’Aosta and Carema?
Picoutener and Picotendro
What’s the Synonym of Nebbiolo in Ghemme and Gattinara?
Spanna
Where are Barolo and Barbaresco located in? Along which river?
Cuneo province, in the Langhe Hills.
Tanaro River.
What’s the Synonym of Nebbiolo in Lombardia’s Valtellina?
Chiavennasca
When did first Barbaresco appear?
1894
Nebbiolo from Barolo was historically know as a sweet wine, who made first dry Barolo and when?
French enologist Louis Oudart or Paolo Francesco Staglieno (Italian General) in 1840s.
Who is Louis Oudart?
A French winemaker made first dry Barolo in the 1840s.
Who famously took a chainsaw电锯 to his father’s old barrels in 1983, and being disowned断绝关系by his father, bought new French barriques?
Elio Altare
When did Barolo and Barbaresco gain DOCG status?
In 1980
What’s the aging requirements for Barbaresco and Barolo? Riserva?
Barbaresco: mini 26mths for total aging (9mths in wood), Riserva 50mths (9mths in wood);
Barolo: mini 38mths for total aging (18mths in wood); Riserva 62mths (18mths in wood).
Name the 4 communes of Barbaresco production?
Barbaresco, Neive, Treiso, San Rocco Seno d’Elvio (smaller piece).
Name the 6 core communes of Barolo where produce 90% Barolo?
Barolo, Castiglione Falletto, La Morra, Monforte d’Alba, Serralunga d’Alba, Novello.
Name the other five communes where produce the rest 10% production of Barolo?
Diano d’Alba, Verduno, Grinzane Gavour, Cherasco, Roddi.
What’s the main training system in Barbaresco and Barolo?
Guyot
Which part of Barolo is cooler? Where is warmer? Which commune is low, which is highest?
Southeastern part is cooler (because of the Serralunga Valley funnels cool air);
Northwestern part is warmer;
Barolo is low, La Morra has the highest altitudes.
Why are the grapes harvested earlier in Barbaresco than Barolo?
Barbaresco is closer to the Tanaro River, receives more of its moderating influence, resulting in a warmer climate. (grapes are harvested two weeks earlier than in Barolo).
What’s the topography difference between Barbaresco and Barolo?
Barolo has steep slopes, and Barbaresco has gentler slopes and lower lying.
What’s a Sorí?
A hillside vineyard with full southern exposure (most desirable sites).
What’s the soil of Formazione di Lequio (Serravalliano)? Where is it found in Barolo?
What’s the wine style from this soil?
Gray marl and light yellow sandstone灰色泥灰岩和浅黄色砂岩; In Monforte d’Alba and Serralunga d’Alba.
The soil is higher in calcium carbonate, restraining vigor and yielding富含碳酸钙抑制了活力,
so the wine is austere, powerful and structured.
What’s the soil of Marne di Sant’Agata Fossili(Tortoniano-Messiniano)? Where is it found in Barolo? What’s the wine style from this soil?
Bluish-gray marls蓝灰色泥会岩, higher in clay, resulting wines more perfumed, rounder, and more elegant. Found in communes of Barolo and La Morra.
What’s the soil of Arenarie di Diano d’Alba (Tortoniano)? Where is it found in Barolo? What’s the wine style from this soil?
Found in Castiglione Falletto, the wines occupy structure and elegance.
The youngest formations soil in Barolo? Where is it found in Barolo?Wine style?
Gypsum-sulfur石膏硫磺and are higher in sand content, found in La Morra, Verduno, Cherasco;
Softest and most approachable Barolos.
What’s the full name of MGAs ? What does it mean?
Menzioni Geografiche Aggiuntive = additional geographical mentions
How many MGAs in Barolo and in Barbaresco?
181=170+11communes in Barolo,
66 in Barbaresco
What’s the altitude range for Barolo by law? How about Barbaresco?
Barolo vineyards must be planted between 170-540m; no minimum altitude for Barbaresco, but can not be higher than 550m.
Are four producing communes of Barbaresco are included in the MGAs designation?
No
When did Barbaresco get its MGAs? And Barolo?
In 2007; 2010 for Barolo
Which is the highest cru in La Morra? Supply grapes for which supplier?
Serradenari;
Bruno Giacosa (Barolo Croera).
Who is the owner of monopole “Francia”?
Giacomo Conterno
Who is the owner of monopole “Falletto”?
Bruno Giacosa
What’s the mini alcohol content of Barolo? And Barbaresco?
13% (includes Normale, Riserva, and MGAs); 12.5% for Barbaresco.
Where is Cru Arborina? Who is the famous producer?
In La Morra; Elio Altare
Where is Rocche dell’Annunziata? Exposures? Important producers?
La Morra; Southeast and south-facing;
Paolo Scavino, Renato Ratti
Where is Bricco Rocca? Where is Bricco Rocche?
Bricco Rocca in La Morra;
Bricco Rocche in Castiglione Falleto.
Name the producer in Bricco Rocche?
Ceretto’s Bricco Rocche estate.
Where is La Serra? Exposure? Producers?
In La Morra; East and South; Marcarini, Roberto Voerzio.
Where is Cerequio? Producers?
Barolo and La Morra; Michele Chiarlo, Baroli, Batasiolo.
Where is Brunate? Exposure? Producers?
Shared between Barolo and La Morra;
Southern exposure;
Ceretto, Marcarini.
Which is the most prestigious cru in Barolo?
Cannubi
Where is Villero? How is this cru? Important producers?
Castiglione Falleto; It’s a large cru of excellent reputation, with southwestern exposure;
Giuseppe Mascarello, Vietti, Cordero di Montezemolo.
Where is Cannubi located? Important producers?
In Barolo;
Michele Chiarlo, Paolo Scavino, Marchesi di Barolo, Ceretto.
Where is Pira? Terroir? Producer?
In Castiglione Falleto;
Rocky soils almost entirely planted to Nebbiolo;
Roagna.
Name the most famous crus in La Morra?
Cerequio (huge reputation, shared with Barolo), Brunate (shared with Barolo);
Bricco Rocca; Rocche dell’Annunziata; La Serra.
Name the important Crus of Castiglione Falleto?
Pira, Bricco Rocche, Villero
Where is Gabutti? How is this cru?
In Serralunga d’Alba;
It’s small in size, has excellent reputation with excellent soils and southern-facing vineyards.
Where is San Rocco ? It’s famous because of which producer?
Serralunga d’Alba; Azelia.
Where is Parafada? How is this cru?
In Serralunga d’Alba;
Soil, altitude, exposure is extremely similar to adjacent Gabutti, well regarded;
Where is Vignarionda? How is this cru? Producers?
In Serralunga d’Alba;
Famed south-facing cru, almost totally planted to Nebbiolo;
Oddero, Giovanni Rosso.
Where is Brea? Which producer buit its fame?
In Serralunga d’Alba, Brovia
Where is Rivette? Who is the most important producer? For which wine?
In Serralunga d’Alba, Gaja, for white wine.
Name famous crus in Castiglione Falleto?
Villero, Bricco Rocche
Name Famous crus in Serralunga d’Alba?
San Rocco, Gabutti**, Parafada, Brea, Vignarionda
Where is Secondine? Who is the most famous producer? How is this cru?
In Barbaresco; Gaja; excellent reputation.
Where is Cole? Which is the most producer of this cru? Any other producers?
In Barbaresco; Moccagatta; Carlo Giacosa, Ca Nova, Produttori del Barbaresco.
Which Cru is the home of Gaja’s San Lorenzo vineyard?
Secondine in Barbaresco.
Which is the smallest Cru of Barbaresco? How many hectares?
Rabaja-Bas, only 2ha.
Where is Ronchi ? how is the this cru?
In Barbaresco; well regarded, eastern-facing vineyards.
Where is Faset?
In Barbaresco; It’s a well known site southern-facing.
Where is Martinenga? How is it?
In Barbaresco; one of the most famous sites in Barbaresco.
Who is the producer of Camp Gros Monopole? Which cru is this vineyard within?
Marchesi di Gresy, within Martinenga in Barbaresco
Where is Basarin? How is it? Producer?
In Neive; Very large, south-facing, highly regarded and steep;
Fratelli Giacosa.
which Cru in Barbaresco is highly regarded fro over 100years?
Rio Sordo
Where is Rabajà?
In Barbaresco
Where is Albesani? How is it? Producers?
Neive; Higly regarded; Bruno Giacosa, Castello di Neive.
Where is Gallina ? how is it? Producers?
In Neive; excellent reputation; La Spinetta, Oddero, Piero Busso.
Where is Pajorè? Who owns most of this cru? How is it?
In Treiso; Gaja; Well regarded site for its excellent soil, altitude, exposure.
Where is Valeirano? How is it? Producer?
In Treiso; Historically one of Treiso’s finest sites; La Spinetta.
Where is Giacosa? Who is the most important producer? For which grape?
In Treiso; Gaja; For Chardonnay.
Name a producer of Bricco di Treiso? What’s the terroir of this Cru?
Pio Cesare; It’s well regarded, high altitude, with southern exposures.
Name 4 important Crus in Treiso?
Pajorè, Valeirano, Giacosa, Bricco di Treiso.
Name 3 Crus in Neive?
Albesani, Gallina, Basarin.
Name most famous crus in Barbaresco?
Cole, Secondine, Pajè, Martinenga, Rabajà, Rio Sordo
Sori Tildin and Costa Russi are both within which Cru? Who is the producer?
Roncagliette, Barbaresco; Gaja.
Where is Martinenga? Who is this monopole’s producer?
Barbaresco, Marchesi di Gresy
What’s Rocche?
Steep sandy cliffs formed by slow erosion from the Tanaro river塔纳罗河缓慢侵蚀形成的陡峭沙崖。
Where is Roero DOCG located?
In Cuneo province, north of the Langhe, left bank of the Tanaro River.
What’s the climate of Roero?
Farther inland, semiarid and slightly warmer.
Which types of wine are produced in Roero? Grape varieties? Aging requirements? Alcohol?
Red, White, Spumante:
Red: mini 95% Nebbiolo +5%(non aromatic red grapes);
At least 20 months, of which at least 6 in wooden barrels;
32 months, of which at least 6 in wooden barrels for Reserve;
Minimum alcohol content: 12.50% vol.
White: mini 95% Arneis+5%(NAG), 11% vol; Mini 4months, riserva mini 16months.
Roero Arneis Spumante: mini 95% Arneis+5%(NAG); 11.5%vol, 可有不同甜度。
How many producing communes are there in Roero? Name the four communes Entirely included in DOCG?
19 villages; Canale, Corneliano d’Alba, Piobesi d’Alba, Vezza d’Alba.
Which are the two only DOCGs that produce both white and red wines in Piemonte?
Roero and Terre Alfieri
Where is Terre Alfieri DOCG? When was it upgrated to DOCG?
It’s just east of Roero, in Piemonte; in 2020.
What’s the producing provinces of Terre Alfieri?
Cuneo, Asti.
Which types of wines are produced in Terre Alfieri DOCG? Grape varieties?
Dry white and dry red;
mini 85% for both Nebbiolo and Arneis based wines.
Which are the producing areas of Nebbiolo d’Alba DOC?
A larger denomination covering much of the Roero and Langhe areas.
What’s the aging requirements for Terre Alfieri DOCG wines?
Arneis Superiore: min. 6 months
Nebbiolo: min. 4 months
Nebbiolo Superiore: min. 12 months, including 6 months in wood
Nebbiolo Riserva: min. 24 months, including 12 months in wood
Which types of wine are produced from Nebbiolo d’Alba DOC? From which grape variety?
Rosso, Spumante Rosso and Spumante Rosato;
From 100% Nebbiolo.
Name the five denominations dedicated to Barbera in Piemonte?
Barbera d’Asti DOCG
Nizza DOCG
Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG,
Barbera del Monferrato DOC
Barbera d’Alba DOC
Where is the origin of Barbera grape?
Monferrato province of Alessandria
Which is the most planted grape variety in Piemonte?
Barbera, 31% of planting.
What’s the characteristics of Barbera?
Deep color, high acidity, low tannins, and needs high alcohol to express the complexity (15%abv is not uncommon).
What’s the soil and styles of Barbera?
Sandier soil: higher acidity, lower alcohol and tannins, deeper color.
Clay soil: converse style相反的
What are the ageing requirements for Barbera d’Asti DOCG? Alcohol level?
Barbera d’Asti: 4months; 12% abv;
Barbera d’Asti Superiore: 14months (including 6months in oak); 12.5% abv;
Barbera d’Asti Superiore + denominations: 24months total (including 6mths in barrel and 6mths in bottle); 13% abv.
Which grape varietes are produced in Barbera d’Alba?
90-100% Barbera, +NARedG (Dolcetto, Freisa, Grignolino).
Where is Barbera d’Asti area located?
South of Tanaro River
Is Barbera d’Asti a DOC or DOCG?
DOCG
Where is Nizza? Which types of wine are produced? Grape varieties?
It’s a DOCG in Piemonte; 100% Barbera.
Which are the producing provinces of Babera d’Asti?
Asti (principally) and Alessandria
Which types of wine are produced from Barbera d’Asti?
Only Red still:
Barbera d’Asti
Barbera d’Asti Superiore
Barbera d’Asti Superiore + indication of subzone
Name the two subzones of Barbera d’Asti?
Tinella, Colli Astiani
Nizza was formerly a subzone of Barbera d’Asti, when was it elevated to its own denomination?
In 2014 to DOCG.
What’s the uniqueness of Nizza DOCG?
100% Barbera mostly from old vines of 50years or more.
What’s the wine style of Barbera del Monferrato DOC?
lighter, fruitier, youthful Barberas even can be frizzante.
What are the soil types in Nizza?
North is sandy and silty soils; South is marl and sandstone.
What’s the aging requirements for Nizza DOCG?
At least 18months (including mini 6mths in barrel);
Riserva at least 30mths (including 12mths in barrel).
Is Barbera del Monferrato Superiore a DOC or DOCG?
DOCG (elevated in 2008)
Which types of wines are produced from Barbera del Monferrato DOC? Grape variety? Aging requirements?
Rosso dry, and Rosso frizzante;
Mini 85% Barbera, + (max. 15% Freisa, Grignolino, Dolcetto).
No ageing requirements.
What’s the difference of aging and alcohol content requirements for Barbera del Monferrato DOC and Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG ?
Barbera del Monferrato DOC: no ageing requirements; frizzante 11.5%abv, and Rosso 12%abv;
Barbera del Monferrato Superiore DOCG: mini 14months (including 6mths in barrel); 13%abv.
Which are the producing provinces of Barbera del Monferrato DOC?
It’s a large area in Asti and Allessandria.
What’s the wine style of Barbera d’Alba?
Richer, rounder and fleshier than those from Asti.
Which is the producing province of Barbera d’Alba? Overlap which famous denominations?
Cuneo province, overlap Langhe’s Barolo and Barbaresco.
What’s the alcohol content and ageing requirements of Dogliani DOCG?
Dogliani: 12% abv
Dogliani Superiore: 13% abv, mini 12months of ageing.
Which types of wine are produced from Barbera d’Alba? From which grape varieties?
Aging?
Rosso and Rosso superiore; mini 85% Barbera and remainder is Nebbiolo.
Superiore: mini 12 months aging including 4 months in wood.
Which types of wine are produced in Dogliani DOCG? Grape variety?
Rosso; 100% Dolcetto
Where is Dogliani ? is it a DOC or DOCG?
In South of Barolo; DOCG.
Dolcetto delle Langhe Monregalesi DOC was absorbed into which DOCG? In which year?
Into Dogliani DOCG, in 2011.
Which type of wine are produced from Diano d’Alba? Grape variety?
Rosso, 100% Dolcetto
Where is Diano d’Alba located? Is it a DOC or DOCG?
Northeastern edge of Barolo, DOCG.
Which types of wine are produced from Dolcetto d’Alba DOC? Producing provinces? Ageing requirement?
Rosso from 100% Dolcetto;
Asti, Cuneo;
Superiore: minimum 12 months aging.
Name the 7 denominations of Dolcetto in Piemonte? Which one is NOT 100% Dolcetto?
1) Dogliani DOCG
Dolcetto d’Alba DOC
Dolcetto di Diano d’Alba DOCG(Diano d’Alba DOCG)
Dolcetto d’Asti DOC
Dolcetto d’Acqui DOC
Dolcetto di Ovada DOC
Ovada DOCG
2) Dolcetto di Ovada DOC is from 97% Dolcetto (not 100%).
Which denomination was formerly part of Dolcetto di Ovada and elevated to a separate DOCG? When was it elevated?
Ovada DOCG, in 2008
Which levels is Dolcetto di Ovada and Ovada (DOC or DOCG)? which type of wine are produced from both denominations? Grape varieties?
Dolcetto di Ovada is DOC, Ovada is DOCG.
Both are Rosso;
Dolcetto di Ovada is made from 97% Dolcetto+3%NARG
Ovada is made from 100% Dolcetto.
Where is Ovada? DOC or DOCG? Wine type?
In Piemonte, DOCG, 100% Dolcetto
What’s the ageing requirements for Ovada DOCG?
Normale: mini 12mths
With a vigna designation: 20mths
Riserva: 24mths
Which are the producing provinces of Alsti DOCG?
Asti, Cuneo, and Alessandria
Which is Piemonte’s largest denomination for Sparkling wine in total production volume?
Asti DOCG
Which grapes are Asti DOCG produced from?
97% Moscato Bianco (Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains) +other aromatic grapes
What are the other two names for Tank method?
Charmat method and metodo Martinotti.
How long should Asti/Asti Spumante “Metodo Classico” aged on lees ?
Mini 9months
What’s the atmosphere of Asti Spumante and Moscato d’Asti? Alcohol content? Which is sweeter and RS? What kind of closer is used?
1) Asti Spumante: 4.5-5 atmospheres; Moscato d’Asti: 2.5 atmospheres;
2) Asti S: mini 6% abv; Moscato d’Asti: 4.5% - 6.5% abv;
3) Moscato d’Asti is sweeter, about 80g/l.
4) Asti is closed by muselet wire cage; Moscato d’Asti is closed by regular cork or Stelvin closure/screw cap.
What’s the minimum alcohol content of Moscato d’Asti Vendemmia tardiva? Minimum ageing?
11%abv, minimum ageing for 1year.
Name the four types of wines are produced under Asti DOCG?
Asti/Asti Spumante
Asti/Asti Spumante “Metodo Classico”
Moscato d’Asti
Moscato d’Asti “Vendemmia Tardiva”
What’s the traditional wire cage called for sparkling wine?
Muselet
Which is the most famous subzone of Asti DOCG and became a sperated DOCG?
When was it elevated?
Canelli; in 2023.
Where is Canelli DOCG? Which type of wine is produced?
In Piemonte, it’s within Asti DOCG;
Only Moscato d’Asti style from 100% Moscato Blanco.
What are the requirements for Canelli DOCG by law?
1) Elevation must be between 165-500meters above sea level;
2) Riverva: mini 30mths aging including 20mths in bottle;
3) Moscato d’Asti style only from 100% Moscato Blanco.
What’s the minium aging requirement for Santa Vitoria d’Alba Vendemmia Tardiva?
2 years
Name the two subzones of Asti DOCG? Which types of wine are produced in the subzones?
1) Strevi and Santa Vittoria d’Alba;
2) Moscato d’Asti style only for Strevi,
Moscato d’Asti and Moscato d’Asti Vendemmia Tardiva for Santa Vittoria d’Alba.
Where is Santa Vittoria d’Alba ?
It’s a subzone of Asti DOCG
Where is Strevi?
It’s a subzone of Asti DOCG
Which types of wine can be produced in Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG? Which grape?
1) Rosato,
Rosato Spumante
Rosso (maximum pressure 2 bars)
Rosso Spumante (Traditional or Charmat Method)
Rosso Passito
2) Mini 97% Brachetto + max 3% other grape varieties.
Which level is Alta Langa? DOC or DOCG? When was it elevated?
DOCG, in 2011.
? Which are the producing provinces of Alta Langa DOCG?
Cuneo, Asti, Alessandria
Which are the grape varieties of Alta Langa DOCG? Winemaking method? Color?
Mini 90% Pinot Nero and/or Chardonnay;
Must be traditional method and vintage dated;
Bianco or Rosato
Is there NV Alta Langa DOCG?
NO (must vintage dated)
What are the dosage levels for Alta Langa DOCG?
From zero dosage to extra dry
What’s the mini aging requirement for Alta Langa and Riserva?
Mini 30months for normal, 36months for Riserva level.
Which types of wine can be produced from Gavi DOCG? From which grape?
1) Bianco
Bianco Riserva
Bianco Frizzante
Bianco Spumante
Bianco Spumante Metodo Classico Riserva
100% Cortese.
Where can you find Frazioni di Rovereto?
Within Gavi
Where is Tassarolo ?
A producing commune of Gavi DOCG
Which are the two best communes for Gavi?
Gavi di Gavi, Gavi di Tassarolo
Which denominations can produce sparkling wines in Piemonte?
Asti DOCG: four types (Asti, metodo classico, moscato d’asti, ventimmia tardiva)
Canelli DOCG: moscato d’asti only
Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG
Barbera del Monferrato DOC: Rosso Frizzante
Nebbiolo d’Alba: Spumante Rosso and Spumante Rosato
Roero DOCG: Arneis Spumante
Alta Langa DOCG: traditional method sparkling
Gavi DOCG (Frizzante, Spumante, Metodo Classico Riserva)
Colli Tortonesi DOC Cortese Frizzante/Cortese Spumante
Colli Tortonesi DOC Terre di Libarna Bianco Spumante (Timorasso)
Canavese DOC Bianco Spumante or Rosato Spumante
Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG Spumante (traditional method mini 15mths on lees)
Where can you find Rovereto? What’s the style of wine?
Within Gavi, “central zone”: a vast area ideally included within the municipality of Gavi.
Powerful and concentrated wines.
What’s the climate and soil of the town of Gavi ?
Cool, rainy, close to the Ligurian coast.
Chalky soil
Name the two subzones of Colli Tortonesi DOC?
Monleale, and Terre di Libarna
Where is Monleale? Which types of wine are produced? Grape Variety?
Subzone of Colli Tortonesi DOC;
Barbera ONLY red wine.
Where is Terre di Libarna? Which types of wine are produced? Grape Varieties?
1) Subzone of Colli Tortonesi DOC;
2) Timarosso, Bianco, Rosso, Spumante;
3) Timorasso: 95% Timorasso
Bianco Spumante: 60% Timorasso +max 40% other non aromatic white grapes
Rosso: 60% Barbera + max 40% other red grapes.
Which province is Colli Tortonesi DOC produced from
Alessandria
Timorasso is primarily produced in which denomination?
In Colli Tortonesi DOC
What’s the characteristics of Timorasso?
Very high acidity, rich and powerful body, intensely herbal and mineral, many compare it to German Riesling.
Which term is labeled for the best example of Timorasso ?
Derthona (ancient Roman name for the town of Tortona)
Where is Colli Tortonesi ? what’s the level DOC or DOCG?
In Piemonte (eastern most), DOC level.
Which types of wine are produced in Colli Tortonesi DOC?
*Bianco/Bianco Frizzante
*Chiaretto/Chiaretto Frizzante
*Rosso/Rosso Frizzante/Novello
*Varietal wine:
Cortese/Cortese Riserva/Cortese Frizzante/Cortese Spumante
Favorita
Timorasso/Timorasso Riserva
Moscato
Barbera/Barbera Riserva/Barbera Superiore
Dolcetto/Dolcetto Novello
Croatina/Croatina Riserva
Freisa
Which types of wine are produced from Langhe DOC? Grape varieties?
Bianco: one or more white grapes suitable for cultivation in Piemonte
Rosso/ Rosso Riserva: one ore more red grapes
Bianco Passito: mini 60% Arneis, Chardonnay, Nascetta, Riesling alone or combined;
Rosato: mini 60% Barbera, Dolcetto, Nebbiolo alone or combined;
Rosso Passito: 85% Barbera, Dolcetto, Nebbiolo alone or combined;
Varietal wines: mini 85% ot the stated varietal
Nascetta del Commune di Novella: 100% Nascetta
Which grapes can be produced as varietal wine in Langhe DOC? How many % for varietal wine?
1) Arneis, Chardonnay, Favorita, Nascetta, Riesling, Rossese Bianco, Sauvignon;
Barbera, Cabernet Sauvignon, Dolcetto, Freisa, Merlot, Nebbiolo, Pinot Nero.
2) Mini 85% of the stated grape variety.
Under which appellation is Nascetta del Comune di Novella produced? What’s the grape variety? How many %? Where are the grapes from ?
Langhe DOC; must be 100% Nascetta grape for still or passito wines.
Exclusively grown in the classic Novello subzone.
What’s the color of Nascetta grape? What are the other two names of this grape? Who made efforts to save this grape from the brink of extinction灭绝?
White; also called Anascetta or Nas-cëtta.
Elvio Cogno.
What are the characteristics of Nascetta?
Semiaromatic grape with an herbal and saline character.
What’s the subzone of Langhe DOC? In which province?
Novello; in Cuneo.
Which color is Freisa grape? What are the characteristics of Freisa?
Red; It’s like its parent Nebbiolo, light in color and high in acidity and tannin, with falvors of strawberries, roses, violets, and tobacco.
Which level is Freisa d’Asti DOC or DOCG? How many % of Freisa?
DOC; 100% Freisa.
Where is Freisa di Chieri located? DOC or DOCG? Producing province?
North-west of Asti, in Piemonte; It’s DOC;
Torino province.
Where is Grignolino del Monferrato Casalese DOC?
North of Asti
Name two DOCs of Freisa? From how many % of the grape? Which types of wine are produced?
Freisa di Chieri DOC: mini 90%;
Freisa d’Asti DOC: 100%
Both can produced still and sparkling wines from Freisa (frizzante and spumante).
What’s the color of Grignolino grape? What are the characteristics?
Red; very pale red or pink color, light in body and alcohol, but it has high tannins and powerful acidity.
Is Ruche a red or white grape? Is it aromatic or nonaromatic variety?
It’s one of the few example of aromatic red variety.
Name two DOCs of Grignolino ? how many % of Grignolino is required?
Grignolino d’Asti DOC;
Grignolino del Monferrato Casalese DOC;
Both DOCs require mini 90% Grignolino.
Where is Castagnole Monferrato ?
In Asti province of Piemonte.
Name the DOCG of Ruche grape?
Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG
What’s the % of Ruche grape for Ruchè di Castagnole Monferrato DOCG?
Mini 90% + max 10% Barbera and Brachetto
What’s the meaning of Vigna del Parroco? Who made this wine? Which grape variety is this wine made from? And what’s the style?
The priest’s vineyard; Don Giacomo Gauda;
Ruchè, dry.
Who is Don Giacomo Gauda?
A priest made Vigna del Parroco, top Ruche bottling.
What are the characteristics of Verduno Pelaverga DOC?
Light-colored red with freshness, high acidity, and herbal flavors
Which varietal wines can be produced by Colline Saluzzesi DOC?
All red:
Barbera
Chatus
Pelaverga
Pelaverga Rosato
Quagliano(red)
Quagliano Spumante
In which communes are Pelaverga Piccolo grown in Piemonte?
Verduno Pelaverga DOC
Where is Verduno Pelaverga? DOC or DOCG? Which types of wine are produced?Grape Variety?
In Piemonte, west of Alba (bordered).
DOC, produces only Rosso from mini 85% Pelaverga Piccolo.
Where is Colline Saluzzesi? DOC or DOCG? Which types of wine are produced?
West of Piemonte, DOC level;
Rosso and varietal wine.
In Piemonte, which DOCs produce Pelaverga Grosso?
Colline Saluzzesi DOC and Collina Torinese DOC
Which towns can Pelaverga Grosso be found in Piemonte?
Saluzzo and Chieri
What’s the soil of Gattinara?
Volcanic
What’s the soil of Ghemme?
Gravelly alluvial soil
What’s Northern Piemonte called?
Alto Piemonte
Which is the river in Northern Piemonte?
Sesia River
What’s the climate in Northern Piemonte?
Cooler, more alpine高山influence and higher rainfall than the north.
Which grapes are historically blended with Spanna in Northern Piemonte?
Uva Rara, Croatina, Vespolina (to balance unripe Nebbiolo in cooler vintages).
What’s the synonym of Nebbiolo in Gattinara DOCG?
Spanna
What’s the synonym of Uva Rara?
Bonarda Novarese
Which characters can be given to the blend of Nebbiolo by Uva Rara, Croatina and Vespolina?
Uva Rara: gives deep color, freshness, softening;
Croatina: rounder, fleshier, soften Nebbiolo;
Vespolina: brings spices and pepper notes to the blend.
Name the producing province of Gattinara DOCG?
Vercelli
Where is Gattinara located?
Northern Piemonte, in Vercelli province, west bank of Sesia River.
Which types of wine are produced in Gattinara DOCG? Grape varieties? Alcohol? Ageing requirements?
1) Rosso dry, Gattinara and Gattinara Riserva;
2) Mini 90% Spanna (max 10%Bonarda di Gattinara and Vespolina) **many are 100%Spanna;
3) Gattinara 12.5%, Gattinara Riserva 13%.
4) Gattinara: mini 35 months(including 24 mths in wood);
Gattinara Riserva: 47 mths (including 36 mths in wood).
Which types of wine are produced in Ghemme DOCG? Grape varieties? Alcohol? Ageing?
1) Rosso: Ghemme and Ghemme Riserva;
2) Mini 85% Spanna + Vespolina and/or Uva Rara;
3) Ghemme 12%, Riserva 12.5% (比Gattinara低0.5%, Ghemme is cooler);
4) Ghemme: mini 34 mths (including a mini 18 mths in wood + 6 mths in bottle)
Ghemme Riserva: mini 46 mths (including a mini 24 mths in wood + 6 mths in bottle).
Which is cooler between Ghemme and Gattinara?
Ghemme is slightly cooler
Which is the producing province of Ghemme DOCG?
Novara province
Where is Ghemme DOCG?
East of Sesia river, in Novara province in Piemonte.
Where is Fara? DOC or DOCG? Types of wine and grape?
Northern Piemonte, eastern side of Sesia river; DOC, Rosso from 50-70% Nebbiolo (blend with Vespolina and Uva Rara)
Which denomination is located the northern most of Piemonte?
Boca DOC
Where is Boca? DOC or DOCG? Types of wine and grape?
Farthest north of Piemonte, eastern side of Sesia river; DOC, Rosso from 70-90% Nebbiolo (blend with Vespolina and Uva Rara).
Where is Coste della Sesia? DOC or DOCG? Which types of wine and grape varieties?
In Northern Piemonte, western side of Sesia river;
Bianco, Rosato, Rosso; Bianco from 100% Erbaluce and mini 50% Nebbiolo for Rosso and Rosato.
Where is Sizzano? DOC or DOCG? Types of wine and grape?
Northern Piemonte, eastern side of Sesia river; DOC, Rosso from 50-70% Nebbiolo (blend with Vespolina and Uva Rara).
Where is Colline Novaresi? DOC or DOCG? Which types of wine and grape varieties?
In Northern Piemonte, eastern side of Sesia river;
Bianco, Rosato, Rosso; Bianco from 100% Erbaluce and mini 50% Nebbiolo for Rosso and Rosato.
Name two denominations from Northern Piemonte which can produce Bianco, Rosato and Rosso? Which is the west of Sesia river which is east? What are the grape varieties?
1) Coste della Sesia DOC (west of Sesia) and Colline Novaresi DOC (east of Sesia);
2) Bianco both from 100% Erbaluce, Rosso and Rosato both from mini 50% Nebbiolo and other NARG.
Name two denominations for Spanna-based wine located on the western side of the Senia river? Soils?
Bramaterra DOC: volcanic soils;
Lessona DOC: sandier soils.
Where is Bramaterra? DOC or DOCG? Wine type and grape?
Northern Piemonte, western side of Sesia River, DOC, Rosso from 50-80% Spanna (blend with Croatina and Uva Rava)
Where is Lessona? DOC or DOCG? Wine type and grape?
Nothern Piemonte, western side of Sesia River, DOC, Rosso from mini 85% Spanna (blend with Vespolina and Uva Rara)
Where is Erbaluce di Caluso? DOC or DOCG? Types of wine and grapes?
Northern Piemonte, DOCG;
White grape only 100% Erbaluce,
Produces: Bianco, Spumante (traditional method mini 15mths on lees), Passito and Passito Riserva
Where is Carema? DOC or DOCG? Types of wine and grape?
Farther northwest of Piemonte, alpine area near the border of Valle d’Aosta, within Canavese DOC;
Carema is a DOC;
Only Rosso, from 85-100% Nebbiolo.
Which appellation is Piemonte produces botrytis wine? From which grape ?
Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG/Caluso DOCG, from Erbaluce grape.
What’s main white grape variety in Alto Piemonte? What are the characteristics?
Erbaluce;
Lean and very high acidity, thick skins, suitable for sparkling and passito wines.
What’s the elevation of Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG?
200-500m
Where is Canavese? DOC or DOCG? Types of wine and grape?
West of Piemonte (north) big area, DOC;
Bianco/Bianco Spumante: 100% Erbaluce;
Rosso/ Rosato/Rosato Spumante: mini 60% Nebbiolo, Barbera, Uva Rara, alone or combine;
Varietal wine: mini 85% Nebbiolo or Barbera.
Which is the natural key factor for the botrytis developement in Erbaluce di Caluso?
Lake Viverone
Which are the producing provinces fro Erbaluce di Caluso?
Torino, Vercelli, Biella.
What’s the RS of Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG passito?
70g/l
Which appellation is the first DOC for Piemonte’s white wine? When was it elevated to DOCG?
Erbaluce di Caluso DOC in 1967; DOCG in 2010.
What’s the method to produce Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG spumante? Ageing? RS?
Traditional method, mini 15months on lees.
No more than 12g/l, dry.
Which DOCs in Piemonte produce 100% Erbaluce white wine?
Canavese DOC, Coste della Sesia DOC, Colline Novaresi DOC.
What’s the ageing requirements for Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG Passito and Riserva?
Passito: 36 mths
Passito Riserva: 48 mths
Name two Cooperatives in Valle d’Aosta?
Cave Mont Blanc, Caves Cooperative de Donnas
Which is the smallest wine region of Italy? How many hectares of vineyards?
Valle d’Aosta; only 450ha.
Which region is nestled between Piemonte, France and Switzerland?
Valle d’Aosta
Where are the highest vineyards elevations in Europe located? What’s the altitude?
Alta Valle, in Valle d’Aosta, Italy; up to 1300m.
Name the three unofficial growing areas of Valle d’Aosta?
Alta Valle, Media Valle, Bassa Valle
Which training system is used in Valle d’Aosta? What’s the local name?
Pergola training system, locally called topia system.
Why did phylloxera never reach Alta Valle in Valle d’Aosta?
Cold and high altitude (old ungrafted vines can be found).
What’s the climate in Valle d’Aosta?
Continental climate, because of the rain shadow of Alps, it’s dry, low rainfall, supplied by snowmelt water for viticulture;
Very large diurnal shift昼夜温差很大, significant sunshine/luminosity光照度 making ripening possible for red grapes.
What are the reasons to use Pergola system in Valle d’Aosta?
It’s to protect grapes from hail and to absorb heat from the ground.
How many appellations are there in Valle d’Aosta?
Only one Valle d’Aosta DOC (no DOCG nor IGT)
What’s the river name in Valle d’Aosta?
Dora Baltea River