(Q3) Organic Nitrogenous Compounds, Amines, Quarternary Ammonium Compounds, Amides Flashcards
Amines
- an organic compound derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic groups.
- Functional Group: NH2 (Amino group)
- General Formula: R-NH2
Ex. Methyl amine
Methyl Amine
- A derivative of ammonia (NH3) where one H atom is replaced by a methyl group
- Has an odor of rotten fish
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/QUATS
- organic, nitrogenous substance
- Germicide
(Present in: Lysol, bactine, hand sanitizers)
Amides
- Commonly formed from the reaction of carboxylic acid with an amine
- General Formula: R-CONH-R
Ex. Carbamide (urea)
Carbohydrates
- Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- Derived from aldehydes or ketones of polyhydroxy alcohols
Aldoses
Carbohydrates formed from aldehydes
Ketoses
Carbohydrates formed from ketones
Three Major Categories of Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
Hydrolysis
The breakdown of a compound into simpler units by the addition of water
Monosaccharides
- Simplest sugars
- Can not be broken down into smaller sugars (and can not undergo hydrolysis)
- Are hexoses and are important nutritionally
- Molecular Formula: (CH2O)x all monosaccharides have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
How are Monosaccharides named?
Named by the number of carbon atoms in their structure
Triose (3), Tetrose (4), Pentose (5), Hexose(6), Heptose (7)
Disaccharides
- Carbohydrates that can be hydrolyzed to two monosaccharide units
- General Formula Cx(H2O)y
- Formed when two monosaccharides combine
Three Major Disaccharides
- Lactose
- Maltose
- Sucrose
Polysaccharides
- Carbohydrates that can be hydrolyzed into many monosaccharide units
- General Formula: (C6H10O5)x, x is a large number that indicates that many monosaccharide units are joined together
Common Polysaccharides
- starch
- glycogen
- cellulose
What happens when monosaccharides are oxidized?
Results in Carbon Dioxide, Water and Energy
Fermentation
- The process by which zymase (an enzyme in yeast) produces ethanol (and carbon dioxide) from glucose
- zymase+glucose= ethanol, CO2
Process of Fermentation
- Polysccharides and disaccharides are converted to monosaccharides
- Starch in grains are a source of ethanol. - Starch is converted to glucose, which undergoes the fermentation reaction
Starch-maltose-glucose- ethyl alcohol & carbon dioxide
Glycogen/Animal Starch
- A large, branched polymer of glucose
- The storage form of carbohydrates in humans
- Excess glucose ingested is polymerized to glycogen and stored in the muscle and liver
Common Monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
