(Q3) Organic Nitrogenous Compounds, Amines, Quarternary Ammonium Compounds, Amides

Question 1

Amines

Answer 1

• an organic compound derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic groups.
• Functional Group: NH2 (Amino group)
• General Formula: R-NH2

Ex. Methyl amine

Question 2

Methyl Amine

Answer 2

• A derivative of ammonia (NH3) where one H atom is replaced by a methyl group
• Has an odor of rotten fish

Question 3

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/QUATS

Answer 3

• organic, nitrogenous substance
• Germicide

(Present in: Lysol, bactine, hand sanitizers)

Question 4

Amides

Answer 4

• Commonly formed from the reaction of carboxylic acid with an amine
• General Formula: R-CONH-R

Ex. Carbamide (urea)

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

• Contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• Derived from aldehydes or ketones of polyhydroxy alcohols

Question 6

Aldoses

Answer 6

Carbohydrates formed from aldehydes

Question 7

Ketoses

Answer 7

Carbohydrates formed from ketones

Question 8

Three Major Categories of Carbohydrates

Answer 8

• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Polysaccharides

Question 9

Hydrolysis

Answer 9

The breakdown of a compound into simpler units by the addition of water

Question 10

Monosaccharides

Answer 10

• Simplest sugars
• Can not be broken down into smaller sugars (and can not undergo hydrolysis)
• Are hexoses and are important nutritionally
• Molecular Formula: (CH2O)x all monosaccharides have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Question 11

How are Monosaccharides named?

Answer 11

Named by the number of carbon atoms in their structure

Triose (3), Tetrose (4), Pentose (5), Hexose(6), Heptose (7)

Question 12

Disaccharides

Answer 12

• Carbohydrates that can be hydrolyzed to two monosaccharide units
• General Formula Cx(H2O)y
• Formed when two monosaccharides combine

Question 13

Three Major Disaccharides

Answer 13

• Lactose
• Maltose
• Sucrose

Question 14

Polysaccharides

Answer 14

• Carbohydrates that can be hydrolyzed into many monosaccharide units
• General Formula: (C6H10O5)x, x is a large number that indicates that many monosaccharide units are joined together

Question 15

Common Polysaccharides

Answer 15

• starch
• glycogen
• cellulose

Question 16

What happens when monosaccharides are oxidized?

Answer 16

Results in Carbon Dioxide, Water and Energy

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

• The process by which zymase (an enzyme in yeast) produces ethanol (and carbon dioxide) from glucose
• zymase+glucose= ethanol, CO2

Question 18

Process of Fermentation

Answer 18

1. Polysccharides and disaccharides are converted to monosaccharides
   - Starch in grains are a source of ethanol.
2. Starch is converted to glucose, which undergoes the fermentation reaction

Starch-maltose-glucose- ethyl alcohol & carbon dioxide

Question 19

Glycogen/Animal Starch

Answer 19

• A large, branched polymer of glucose
• The storage form of carbohydrates in humans
• Excess glucose ingested is polymerized to glycogen and stored in the muscle and liver

Question 20

Common Monosaccharides

Answer 20

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose