(Q1) Atoms, Electron Configuration pg 21-31

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest particle of an element
- has the same number of protons and electrons

Question 2

What are atoms composed of?

Answer 2

Positively charged nucleus surrounded by one or more negatively charged electrons

Question 3

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 3

Protons and Neutrons

Question 4

Proton

Answer 4

• positively charged
• every element has at least one
• determines the total positive charge of on the nucleus
• 1 amu

Question 5

Neutron

Answer 5

• No charge
• 1 amu
• atomic mass - atomic number

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

The positively charged central region of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons and containing almost all the mass of the atom

Question 7

Isotopes

Answer 7

Atoms of the same atomic number and different masses
-  We’ll have the same number of protons and electrons but will have a different number of neutrons

Question 8

Valence Electrons

Answer 8

• the electrons in the outer most energy level
• Determine the chemical properties of the atom/what the element will react to
• atoms with the same number of valence electrons often have similar chemical and physical properties

Question 9

Electron Configuration

Answer 9

Shorthand system to symbolize positions of electrons in atoms
- eight valence electrons = stable (noble/inert gases)
- elements with less than eight valence react with other elements to achieve a stable electron configuration

Question 10

Orbitals

Answer 10

Plots the estimate where elements are found in energy levels
- Each orbital represents a probability of finding an electron at a given distance from the nucleus

Question 11

What types of orbitals are there?

Answer 11

1 s orbital
3 p orbitals
d,f
- Each orbital can hold only two electrons, going to instability caused by repulsions of negative charges

Question 12

What pieces of information does the electron configuration give?

Answer 12

• The number of the energy level
• the type of orbital
• how many electrons are in the orbital

Question 13

Ion

Answer 13

An atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons
- Gives the atom a net positive or negative electrical charge

Question 14

Group IA Elements

Answer 14

Alkali metals
- have one electron in their outer shell (1 valence electron)
- charge of +1

Question 15

Group IIA Elements

Answer 15

Alkaline Earth Metals
- Two valence electrons,
- can easily lose its valence electrons
- +2 charge

Question 16

Group VIIA elements

Answer 16

• Halogens
• have seven valence electrons
• Tend to gain one electron
• -1 charge

Question 17

Group VIIIA Elements

Answer 17

• Noble Gases
• 8 valence electrons
• Tend not to react with other elements because they have a stable electron configuration

Question 18

Covalent Bonding

Answer 18

• Results from electron sharing
• atoms tend to share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration
• covalent = share 1 pair of electrons
• double covalent= share 2 pairs
• triple covalent= share 3 pairs

Question 19

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 19

covalent bond in which the atoms have an unequal attraction for electrons, and so the sharing is unequal.

Question 20

Nonpolar Bond

Answer 20

electrons are shared equally between two (same) atoms.