(Q2) Oxygen & Hydrogen, Water (pg. 1-7)

Question 1

Facts about Oxygen

Answer 1

• Nonmetal
• Most abundant element on Earth
• 21% of the volume of atmospheric air
• 89% of the mass of water
• Formula: O2 Symbol: O

Question 2

Oxygen on the Periodic Table

Answer 2

• VIA Element
• 6 valence electrons
• Oxygen means “acid former”
• When combined with some inorganic elements, acids form

Question 3

Oxygen’s Physical Properties

Answer 3

• Colorless, odorless. & tasteless
• Heavier than air
• Slightly soluble in water
• Can be liquified & solidified by extreme pressure & low temperature

Question 4

Oxygen’s Chemical Properties

Answer 4

• Reacts with many substances slowly at ordinary temperatures but rapidly at high temperatures
• Reacts with many metallic & nonmetallic elements to form oxides
• Supports combustion/helps things burn

Question 5

Ways to define Oxidation

Answer 5

• the addition of oxygen to a substance
• the removal of hydrogen from a substance
• the removal of electrons from a substance
• the increase in oxidation number of a substance

Question 6

Forms of Oxygen

Answer 6

O: Nascent oxygen
O2: Molecular oxygen (atmospheric oxygen)
O3: Ozone

Question 7

Allotropic

Answer 7

When an element exists in two or more different forms, each with its own physical & chemical properties
O,O2,O3

Question 8

Facts about Hydrogen

Answer 8

• Most abundant element in the universe
• found in both organic and inorganic compounds
• Tissue gas is largely free hydrogen
• Atmospheric Hydrogen: H2 (diatomic molecule)
• Atomic Number 1
• 1 Valence Electron

Question 9

Physical Properties of Hydrogen

Answer 9

Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas
Lighter than air
Slightly soluble in water

Question 10

Chemical Properties of Hydrogen

Answer 10

• Burns with hot, blue flame forming water
• Doesn’t support combustion
• means “water producer”

Question 11

Ways to Define Reduction

Answer 11

The removal of oxygen from a substance
The addition of hydrogen to a substance
The addition of electrons to a substance
The decrease in oxidation number of a substance

Question 12

Facts about water

Answer 12

• most abundant compound on earth
• Covering about 75% of the earths surface
• Present in air as water vapor
• Found in all plant and animal tissue
• Human body consist of about 50 to 60% water
• bacterial cells contain about 85% water

Question 13

Water on the periodic table (facts about water)

Answer 13

• H2O
• Bent molecule; 105°
• atomic mass of 18

Question 14

Physical properties of water

Answer 14

• Colorless odorless tasteless liquid
• Freezes at 0°C
• boils at 100°C
• Very good solvent for many substances
• heat of a vaporization: 450 cal per gram

Question 15

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 15

Attractive force that exists among molecules
Water molecules are polar, which means there is a positive and negative pole
The positive side is attracted to the negative end of another pole
Properties of electronegativity apply

Question 16

Surface tension

Answer 16

A force that causes the surface of a liquid to contract
Caused by hydrogen bonding
Water has high surface tension

Question 17

Why is surface tension important to embalmers?

Answer 17

Surface tension is important because it occurs between arterial solutions and cell membranes
- Interferes with the diffusion of embalming chemicals from the capillaries into the tissues
- To overcome this problem, use surface tension reducing agents in embalming fluids

Question 18

Chemical properties of water

Answer 18

• Very stable substance
• Thermally stable
  Chemically reacts with active metals to liberate hydrogen
• Reacts with metallic oxides to form bases
• Reacts with non-metallic oxide to form acids
• Forms hydrates
• Enters into hydrolysis reactions
• Key factor in decomposition