(Q3) Aldehydes and Ketones Flashcards
1
Q
Aldehyde
A
- An organic compound containing one or more
-CHO groups - Preservative
- Colorless gas, irritating odor, soluble in water
- Aldehydes oxidize to form acids
- General Formula: R-CHO (CHO is a carbonyl group)
2
Q
How are aldehydes formed?
A
- Aldehydes are formed by the oxidation of a primary alcohol
(Aldehydes must be primary, but can have more than one hydroxyl group)
3
Q
Naming Aldehydes
A
- Take the parent alcohol, drop the “ol” and add “al”
ex. Methanal (formaldehyde)
4
Q
Formaldehyde/Methanal
A
- Disinfectant, Germicide, Preservative
- Methanol/Methyl Alcohol and oxygen react (oxidize) to form methanal (formaldehyde)
- Molecular Formula: HCHO
5
Q
How does formaldehyde react in the body during embalming?
A
- Formaldehyde cross-links amino acids which cause firmness and preservation
- Fixes tissues and cells by irreversibly connecting a primary amine group in protein with nearby nitrogen in a protein through a -CH2 linkage called a methyl/methylene bridge
6
Q
Formalin
A
- 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde by weight
- 40% aqueous solution of formaldehyde by volume
7
Q
Acetaldehyde/Ethanal
A
- Formed by the oxidation of ethanol
- A two-carbon chain aldehyde
- CH3CHO
8
Q
Benzaldehyde
A
- A benzene derivative in which one of the hydrogens on the ring are replaced with an aldehyde group
- An aromatic aldehyde
9
Q
Dialdehydes
A
- Dialdehydes have two aldehyde groups
10
Q
Glutaraldehyde
A
- Chemical used as a germicide
- a dialdehyde
11
Q
What is the simplest dialdehyde?
A
Glyoxal
12
Q
Ketones
A
- Formed by the oxidation of a secondary alcohol
- A ketone has 2 alkyl groups attached to a carbonyl group (the carbonyl group is in the middle of the carbon chain)
- General Formula: RCOR
13
Q
Naming Ketones
A
- Drop the “ol” from the parent alcohol and add “one”
ex. propanone (acetone)
