(Q3) Introduction to Organic Chemistry (pg.1-6) Flashcards
What is Organic Chemistry?
The study of carbon compounds
- organic compounds will always contain carbon
Facts about Organic Compounds
- Molecules are relatively large
- Reactions involve a change in only a small part of the molecule
- Most reactions take place slowly
How many bonds does carbon form?
- Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds
Covalent Bonds
- Covalent bonds are formed by sharing electrons
- bond=shared pair of electrons
- usually represented by short straight lines connecting atoms
Hydrocarbon
An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen
the simplest hydrocarbon is methane
Molecular Formula
A chemical formula expressing the number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a substance without indicating how they are linked
Structural Formula
A chemical formula showing the spatial arrangement of atoms and the linkage of every atom
Isomerism/Isomers
- When two compounds have the same atoms but in a different arrangements
- Isomers have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
Line Formula
- A condensed version of the structural formula written on one line and demonstrating the structure of the molecule
Type Formula
An expression of the fixed ratio between carbon and hydrogen in hydrocarbons
Two Major Groups of Organic Compounds
- Aliphatic
- Aromatic
Aliphatic
Carbon compound having straight or branched structures
Aromatic
Carbon compounds circular or ring structures
Functional Group
An atom or group of atoms attached to a carbon atom which gives the compound a specific chemical behavior
General Formula
- A formula that denotes a class of compounds and includes the functional group and a symbol “R” denoting a radical
- “R” means “the rest of the molecule”
