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Chemistry > (Q1) Solid to Gas; Temperature Scales; Gases; Gas Laws (pg 14-22) > Flashcards

(Q1) Solid to Gas; Temperature Scales; Gases; Gas Laws (pg 14-22) Flashcards

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1
Q

Sublimation

A

Change in state directly from the solid state to the gaseous state

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2
Q

Freezing Point of Water

A

32 F, 0 C, 273 K

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3
Q

Boiling Point of Water

A

212 F, 100 C, 373 K

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4
Q

What is the formula to convert Celsius to Kelvin?

A

K=C+273

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5
Q

What are the three important properties of gases?

A

Compressibility
Expansivity
Diffusibility

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6
Q

Compressibility

A

A gas can be compressed, which means the volume can be decreased resulting in an increase in pressure
- Example: filling up a low tire

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7
Q

Expansivity

A

A gas will expand when heated, resulting in an increase in pressure
Example: hot air balloon

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8
Q

Diffusubility

A

A gas will diffuse evenly when introduced into a container
- example: air fresheners

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9
Q

Volume of a Gas

A

the volume of a gas is equal to the volume of the container

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10
Q

What do gases not possess?

A

a fixed shape or volume, but rather occupying the entire space of their container

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11
Q

What is pressure?

A

A force per unit of area

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12
Q

How is pressure measured?

A

Pounds per square inch (PSI)

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13
Q

What is Boyle’s Law

A
  • Gas Law
  • The volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure if the temperature remains constant
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14
Q

How is Boyle’s Law Expressed Mathematically?

A

P1V1=P2V2

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15
Q

What is Charles’ Law?

A
  • Gas Law
  • The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature if the pressure remains constant
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16
Q

How is Charles’ Lae expressed Mathematically?

A

V1/T1=V2/T2

17
Q

Gas-Lussac’s Law

A

The temperature of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure id the volume remains constant

18
Q

How is Gas-Lussac’s Law expressed Mathematically?

A

P1/T1=P2/T2

19
Q

Evaporation

A

Transition from liquid to gas

20
Q

Condensation

A

Transition from gas to liquid

21
Q

Equilibrium

A

when two opposing rates are equal

22
Q

Boiling

A

The rapid passage od liquid particles to the vapor state by forming bubbles

23
Q

Boiling Point (physical property)

A

The temperature that a liquid boils at

24
Q

Solids

A
  • The particles vibrate with the limits of the object, retaining the shape of the solid
  • If heat is added, the kinetic energy of the particles increases, until the solid breaks apart (Melting)
  • Every substance has its own heat of fission
25
Q

Elements

A

Substances that cannot be decomposed by further means

26
Q

Compounds

A

substances composed of two or more elements chemically united in a definite proportion by mass

27
Q

Mixtures

A

Composed of two or more nonchemically united substances that are in no definite proportion by mass

28
Q

What are the Two Categories of matter, and what are elements and compounds considered?

A
  • Pure substances or mixtures
  • Elements and compounds are pure substances
29
Q

How many elements are there?

A

118

30
Q

How many elements occur in nature?

A

88

31
Q

What is the most abundant element on earth?

A

Oxygen

32
Q

What is the most abundant element in the universe?

A

Hydrogen

33
Q

Law of Definite Proportions

A

when two or more elements combine, they will always combine in a fixed or definite proportion by mass

34
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass

A

Mass or matter is always constant and is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

35
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy is never created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. It must remain net equal

36
Q

How are mixtures separated?

A

they can be separated into their component parts by physical changes

37
Q

Homogenous Mixtures

A

Have a uniform composition throughout

38
Q

Heterogenous mixtures

A

do not have a uniform concentration throughout

Chemistry (22 decks)

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