(Q1) Solid to Gas; Temperature Scales; Gases; Gas Laws (pg 14-22) Flashcards
Sublimation
Change in state directly from the solid state to the gaseous state
Freezing Point of Water
32 F, 0 C, 273 K
Boiling Point of Water
212 F, 100 C, 373 K
What is the formula to convert Celsius to Kelvin?
K=C+273
What are the three important properties of gases?
Compressibility
Expansivity
Diffusibility
Compressibility
A gas can be compressed, which means the volume can be decreased resulting in an increase in pressure
- Example: filling up a low tire
Expansivity
A gas will expand when heated, resulting in an increase in pressure
Example: hot air balloon
Diffusubility
A gas will diffuse evenly when introduced into a container
- example: air fresheners
Volume of a Gas
the volume of a gas is equal to the volume of the container
What do gases not possess?
a fixed shape or volume, but rather occupying the entire space of their container
What is pressure?
A force per unit of area
How is pressure measured?
Pounds per square inch (PSI)
What is Boyle’s Law
- Gas Law
- The volume occupied by a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure if the temperature remains constant
How is Boyle’s Law Expressed Mathematically?
P1V1=P2V2
What is Charles’ Law?
- Gas Law
- The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature if the pressure remains constant
How is Charles’ Lae expressed Mathematically?
V1/T1=V2/T2
Gas-Lussac’s Law
The temperature of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure id the volume remains constant
How is Gas-Lussac’s Law expressed Mathematically?
P1/T1=P2/T2
Evaporation
Transition from liquid to gas
Condensation
Transition from gas to liquid
Equilibrium
when two opposing rates are equal
Boiling
The rapid passage od liquid particles to the vapor state by forming bubbles
Boiling Point (physical property)
The temperature that a liquid boils at
Solids
- The particles vibrate with the limits of the object, retaining the shape of the solid
- If heat is added, the kinetic energy of the particles increases, until the solid breaks apart (Melting)
- Every substance has its own heat of fission
Elements
Substances that cannot be decomposed by further means
Compounds
substances composed of two or more elements chemically united in a definite proportion by mass
Mixtures
Composed of two or more nonchemically united substances that are in no definite proportion by mass
What are the Two Categories of matter, and what are elements and compounds considered?
- Pure substances or mixtures
- Elements and compounds are pure substances
How many elements are there?
118
How many elements occur in nature?
88
What is the most abundant element on earth?
Oxygen
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Hydrogen
Law of Definite Proportions
when two or more elements combine, they will always combine in a fixed or definite proportion by mass
Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass or matter is always constant and is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy is never created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. It must remain net equal
How are mixtures separated?
they can be separated into their component parts by physical changes
Homogenous Mixtures
Have a uniform composition throughout
Heterogenous mixtures
do not have a uniform concentration throughout
