PYCH CH.13 Flashcards
social psychology
causes and consequences of sociality insight into how human solve problem of survival and reproduction
aggression
someones purpose is to harm others
proactive aggression planned and purposeful
reactive agression
spontaneous response to negative affect
frustration aggression hypothesis
animals aggress when their goals are frustrated
ex a chimp who wants a banana and sees another one has it may attack it to get it
cooperation
behaviour by 2 or more individuals that lead to mutual benefits
ex. two wolfs working together to kill a rabbit
minimizing the risk of cooperation
groups can promote unethical behaviour to reduce this members of ones groups should show in group favouritism
altruistic behaviour
is intentional that benefits another with the potential cost to oneself
- a man donating his kidney to someone
reciprocal altruism
benefits another but those benefits will be returned in the future
ex. someone does something nice for someone then in the future they do something nice for them
kin selection
evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with their relatives
attraction
feeling of preference caused by psychological situational and physical
psychological factors
inner qualities attitudes and beliefs
situational factor
mere exposure effect the tendency of liking someone from increasing exposure
physical factors
body, symmetry, and age
2 types of love
passionate love- experience with euphoria, intimacy, and sexual attraction
compassionate love- affection, love, trust, and concern for partner
stereotyping
assuming individuals category based on what they look like
unconscious- we don’t always know were doing it
automatic- we cant avoid it even when trying
attributions to stereotypes
dispostitional
situational
convariation model
dispositional- someones internal disposition as cause
situational- the external situation as a cause
covariation model- claims rely on consistency, distinctiveness, consensus
fundamental attribution error
people overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others’ behavior.
ex. getting mad a coworker for lateness when they got stuck in traffic
actor observer effect
the tendency to attribute our own behavior to situational causes but others to internal ones.
ex. we trip and fall its the slippery ground
someone else falls their clumsy
3 motivations of social influence
hedonic principle- gain pleasure avoid pain
approval motive- being accepted not rejected
accuracy motive- being right not wrong
conformity
doing what others do
persuasion
when a person influences what another persons attitude and what to believe
door in the face
requesting a large request followed by a smaller request
central route persusion
attitudes and believes are through logic and reason
ex. arguing opinions
peripheral route persuasion
attitudes and beliefs are through emotions and habits
ex. analyzing an argument
social cognition
the processes by which people understand others
category based inferences
targeted based inferences
category- information about a person to where they belong
targeted- based on individuals behaviour
prejudice
discrimination
p- negative evaluation
d- negative behaviour
cognitive dissonance
unpleasant state when someone realizes there no longer following their attitudes or beliefs
foot in the door technique
small request followed by a large request
obedience
following order usually of someone who is higher authority
norms
standardized beliefs shared of members of a similar culture
attribution
inference about the cause of a persons behaviour
homophily
people like others that are similar to themselves
common knowledge effect
group discussions are based on info that everyone shares
deindividuation
people become less attentive to their personal values
social loafing
contributes less in a group than when working alone
