Psychology Chapter 1 Flashcards
Rene Descartes 1596-1650
Studied dualism
ideas are innate
studied brain functions with behaviour and Thought the Pineal gland would signal ventricles to release fluid through the body
Joseph gall 1758- 1828
phrenology defunct theory- mental abilities and characteristics are located in specific parts of the the brain
Wilhelm Wundt 1832-1920
studied psychological processes (the mind)
made the first psych book in 1874
conducted the first research lab in 1879
introduced structuralism
Edward Titchner 1867-1927
built upon Wundts idea
pioneered introspection: studying ones mental state through objects by trained observers example looking at objects and reporting back
William James
Discovered functionalism
-behaviour of human and animals adapting to their environment
-importance to mental processes
Charles Darwin 1809-1882
principle of natural selection
- specific attributes to the survival and reproduction of organisms prevalent in world population
B.F Skinner 1904- 1990
Experimented on behaviours with learning and conditioning
-principle of reinforcement:
rewarded behaviour= repeated
non rewarded behaviour= repeated
Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679
Believed in dualism
discovered materialism
Immanuel Kant 1724-1804
Philosophical idealism: perceptions of the physical world and how our brains interpret info that enters through our senses
Sigmund Frued 1856-1939
Unconscious mind- is information within the brain that people are unaware of
he created psychoanalysis to get insight to the unconscious mind
functionalism
mind is functional tool allowing us to adapt to our environment mental state and behaviours in survival mechanisms
Structuralism
isolates and analyzes the minds basic elements
Why did structuralism fail?
everyones inner experiences is private and unique there is no way to tell if its accurate
nativism
knowledge is innate rather than acquired
empiricism
knowledge is acquired through experience
dualism
mind and body are two distinct substances
materialism
Human thoughts and behaviours, could be explained in terms of matter and physical processes. Example: the brain
Clinical psychology
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses, emotional disorders, and behavioral issues.
Evolutionary
Mind and behaviour development throughout time
cognitive
study of how perception thought memory and reasoning are processed
Behavioural
behavioural psychology refers to any observable and measurable action or reaction of an organism to its environment.
developmental
Developmental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how individuals grow, change, and develop across their lifespan
social
Social psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how individuals think, feel, and behave in social situations.
Cultural
study of how psychological processes of thier members
