Psychology Chapter 1

Question 1

Rene Descartes 1596-1650

Answer 1

Studied dualism
ideas are innate
studied brain functions with behaviour and Thought the Pineal gland would signal ventricles to release fluid through the body

Question 2

Joseph gall 1758- 1828

Answer 2

phrenology defunct theory- mental abilities and characteristics are located in specific parts of the the brain

Question 3

Wilhelm Wundt 1832-1920

Answer 3

studied psychological processes (the mind)
made the first psych book in 1874
conducted the first research lab in 1879
introduced structuralism

Question 4

Edward Titchner 1867-1927

Answer 4

built upon Wundts idea
pioneered introspection: studying ones mental state through objects by trained observers example looking at objects and reporting back

Question 5

William James

Answer 5

Discovered functionalism
-behaviour of human and animals adapting to their environment
-importance to mental processes

Question 6

Charles Darwin 1809-1882

Answer 6

principle of natural selection
- specific attributes to the survival and reproduction of organisms prevalent in world population

Question 7

B.F Skinner 1904- 1990

Answer 7

Experimented on behaviours with learning and conditioning
-principle of reinforcement:
rewarded behaviour= repeated
non rewarded behaviour= repeated

Question 8

Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679

Answer 8

Believed in dualism
discovered materialism

Question 9

Immanuel Kant 1724-1804

Answer 9

Philosophical idealism: perceptions of the physical world and how our brains interpret info that enters through our senses

Question 10

Sigmund Frued 1856-1939

Answer 10

Unconscious mind- is information within the brain that people are unaware of
he created psychoanalysis to get insight to the unconscious mind

Question 11

functionalism

Answer 11

mind is functional tool allowing us to adapt to our environment mental state and behaviours in survival mechanisms

Question 12

Structuralism

Answer 12

isolates and analyzes the minds basic elements

Question 13

Why did structuralism fail?

Answer 13

everyones inner experiences is private and unique there is no way to tell if its accurate

Question 14

nativism

Answer 14

knowledge is innate rather than acquired

Question 15

empiricism

Answer 15

knowledge is acquired through experience

Question 16

dualism

Answer 16

mind and body are two distinct substances

Question 17

materialism

Answer 17

Human thoughts and behaviours, could be explained in terms of matter and physical processes. Example: the brain

Question 18

Clinical psychology

Answer 18

diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses, emotional disorders, and behavioral issues.

Question 19

Evolutionary

Answer 19

Mind and behaviour development throughout time

Question 20

cognitive

Answer 20

study of how perception thought memory and reasoning are processed

Question 21

Behavioural

Answer 21

behavioural psychology refers to any observable and measurable action or reaction of an organism to its environment.

Question 22

developmental

Answer 22

Developmental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how individuals grow, change, and develop across their lifespan

Question 23

social

Answer 23

Social psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how individuals think, feel, and behave in social situations.

Question 24

Cultural

Answer 24

study of how psychological processes of thier members