Chapter 15: psychological disorders

Question 1

mental disorder

Answer 1

disturbance and disfunction in behaviour thought and emotions that cause significant distress or impairment

Question 2

medical model

Answer 2

Abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illness that, like physical illnesses, have biological and environmental causes,
defined symptoms, and
possible cure

Question 3

medical model 1st step

Answer 3

1st step is diagnosis. Through assessing:
Signs: indicator of the disorder

3 general medical classification terms>
Symptoms: subjectively reported behaviour, thought, and emotions
-disorder: sign and symptoms
Disease: process affecting your body

Question 4

DSM (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)

Answer 4

classification system describes symptoms used to to diagnose and recognize mental disorders indicates the disorder differences

Question 5

DSM 2

Answer 5

First revision, provides common language for talking about disorders

Question 6

DSM 3 and 4

Answer 6

Moved from vague descriptions to way more detail and listed the symptoms and diagnostic criteria
Diagnosis: determination
Biological: genes, brain, hormones
Psychological: learning, perceptions, memory
Social: support, environment, culture
A person can remain predisposed to a mental disorder but can be triggered by a stress

Question 7

diathesis stress model

Answer 7

a person may be predisposed to a psychological disorder that remains unstressed until its triggered

Question 8

research domain criteria project (RDOC)

Answer 8

-classification guide to understand mental disorders by giving the process that caused it

-this will help understand what abnormalities cause different disorders

Question 9

Labelling

Answer 9

can cause people to think negative about themselves because of the negative stereotypes associated with their disorder this can create low self-esteem, depressive episodes

Question 10

anxiety disorders

Answer 10

excessive fear, anxiety, and avoidance,
includes panic disorders, phobias, GAD

Question 11

preparedness theory Martin Seligman

Answer 11

people are predisposed through fear with certain things like lions or tigers because they used to be threats

Question 12

phobic disorder

Answer 12

excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations
Specific phobia: irrational fear of a particular object or situation (fear of spiders) Social phobia: irrational fear of being publicly humiliated

Question 13

2. panic disorder

Answer 13

Panic disorder: the sudden ocurance of psychological and physiological symptoms it usually lasts a few minutes
- Hereditary component
- Hypertensive to physical signs of anxiety
- Experiments with sodium lactate

Question 14

3. General anxiety disorder GAD

Answer 14

Excessive worry by three or more of the symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, muscle tension, sleep disturbance, irritability neurotransmitter imbalance, biological and physical environments

Question 15

obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 15

Repetitive intrusive thoughts, ritualistic behavior designed off thoughts that interfere significantly with an individual’s functioning
2 percent of the population suffers from it

Question 16

postraumatic stress disorder

Answer 16

-chronic physiological arousal
- unwanted thoughts from the trauma
-avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind -1 in 6 Canadian armed forces
- brain imaging techniques identified important neural correlates -heighted activity in the amygdala
- prefrontal cortex activity

Question 17

mood disorders

Answer 17

mental disorders that have mood disturbances as their predominant feature

Question 18

majour depressive disorder

Answer 18

severe depression and inability to experience pleasure that lasts 2 weeks or more

Question 19

persistent depressive disorder

Answer 19

cognitive and bodily problems as in depression are present, but they are less severe and last longer (for at least 2 years)

Question 20

double depression

Answer 20

• Occurs when major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder co occur
• -punctuated by periods of major

Question 21

helplessness theory

Answer 21

individuals that are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences that are internal, stable, and global

Question 22

bipolar disorder

Answer 22

unstable emotional condition characterized but cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania).and low mood (depression)
Mania- racing thoughts talkative lack of sleep, rapid cycling persistent high mood.

Question 23

schizophrenia

Answer 23

disorder characterized but profound disruption of basic psychological processes
Distorted perception, altered or blunted emotion, and disturbances in thought

Question 24

positive symptoms

Answer 24

A) Hallucinations:
false perceptual experiences that have a compelling sense of being real despite absence of external stimulation
B) Delusions: false beliefs, often bizarre and grandiose
disruption of mood and behaviours

Question 25

disorganized speech of schizophrenia

Answer 25

Disorganized speech- severe disruptions of verbal communication ideas shift rapidly and incoherently form on unrelated topic to another
Grossly disorganized behavior- behavior impropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals, with specific motor disturbances
Catatonic behavior- decrease or increase of all movement
Cognitive symptoms are deficits in cognitive abilities, specifically executive functioning, attention and working memory
Dopamine hypothesis schizophrenia involves excess of dopamine activity

Question 26

dopamine hypothesis

Answer 26

idea that schizophrenia involves excess of dopamine activity

Question 27

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 27

Condition beginning in early childhood in which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities

Question 28

ADHD

Answer 28

Persistent pattern of severe problems with inattention and/or hyperactivity or impulsiveness that cause significant impairments in functioning

Question 29

conduct disorder

Answer 29

Persistent pattern of deviant behavior involving aggression towards people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, or serious rule violations

Question 30

personality disorder

Answer 30

Characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning