Chapter 15: psychological disorders Flashcards
mental disorder
disturbance and disfunction in behaviour thought and emotions that cause significant distress or impairment
medical model
Abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illness that, like physical illnesses, have biological and environmental causes,
defined symptoms, and
possible cure
medical model 1st step
1st step is diagnosis. Through assessing:
Signs: indicator of the disorder
3 general medical classification terms>
Symptoms: subjectively reported behaviour, thought, and emotions
-disorder: sign and symptoms
Disease: process affecting your body
DSM (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders)
classification system describes symptoms used to to diagnose and recognize mental disorders indicates the disorder differences
DSM 2
First revision, provides common language for talking about disorders
DSM 3 and 4
Moved from vague descriptions to way more detail and listed the symptoms and diagnostic criteria
Diagnosis: determination
Biological: genes, brain, hormones
Psychological: learning, perceptions, memory
Social: support, environment, culture
A person can remain predisposed to a mental disorder but can be triggered by a stress
diathesis stress model
a person may be predisposed to a psychological disorder that remains unstressed until its triggered
research domain criteria project (RDOC)
-classification guide to understand mental disorders by giving the process that caused it
-this will help understand what abnormalities cause different disorders
Labelling
can cause people to think negative about themselves because of the negative stereotypes associated with their disorder this can create low self-esteem, depressive episodes
anxiety disorders
excessive fear, anxiety, and avoidance,
includes panic disorders, phobias, GAD
preparedness theory Martin Seligman
people are predisposed through fear with certain things like lions or tigers because they used to be threats
phobic disorder
excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations
Specific phobia: irrational fear of a particular object or situation (fear of spiders) Social phobia: irrational fear of being publicly humiliated
- panic disorder
Panic disorder: the sudden ocurance of psychological and physiological symptoms it usually lasts a few minutes
- Hereditary component
- Hypertensive to physical signs of anxiety
- Experiments with sodium lactate
- General anxiety disorder GAD
Excessive worry by three or more of the symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, muscle tension, sleep disturbance, irritability neurotransmitter imbalance, biological and physical environments
obsessive compulsive disorder
Repetitive intrusive thoughts, ritualistic behavior designed off thoughts that interfere significantly with an individual’s functioning
2 percent of the population suffers from it
postraumatic stress disorder
-chronic physiological arousal
- unwanted thoughts from the trauma
-avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind -1 in 6 Canadian armed forces
- brain imaging techniques identified important neural correlates -heighted activity in the amygdala
- prefrontal cortex activity
mood disorders
mental disorders that have mood disturbances as their predominant feature
majour depressive disorder
severe depression and inability to experience pleasure that lasts 2 weeks or more
persistent depressive disorder
cognitive and bodily problems as in depression are present, but they are less severe and last longer (for at least 2 years)
double depression
- Occurs when major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder co occur
- -punctuated by periods of major
helplessness theory
individuals that are prone to depression automatically attribute negative experiences that are internal, stable, and global
bipolar disorder
unstable emotional condition characterized but cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania).and low mood (depression)
Mania- racing thoughts talkative lack of sleep, rapid cycling persistent high mood.
schizophrenia
disorder characterized but profound disruption of basic psychological processes
Distorted perception, altered or blunted emotion, and disturbances in thought
positive symptoms
A) Hallucinations:
false perceptual experiences that have a compelling sense of being real despite absence of external stimulation
B) Delusions: false beliefs, often bizarre and grandiose
disruption of mood and behaviours
disorganized speech of schizophrenia
Disorganized speech- severe disruptions of verbal communication ideas shift rapidly and incoherently form on unrelated topic to another
Grossly disorganized behavior- behavior impropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals, with specific motor disturbances
Catatonic behavior- decrease or increase of all movement
Cognitive symptoms are deficits in cognitive abilities, specifically executive functioning, attention and working memory
Dopamine hypothesis schizophrenia involves excess of dopamine activity
dopamine hypothesis
idea that schizophrenia involves excess of dopamine activity
autism spectrum disorder
Condition beginning in early childhood in which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities
ADHD
Persistent pattern of severe problems with inattention and/or hyperactivity or impulsiveness that cause significant impairments in functioning
conduct disorder
Persistent pattern of deviant behavior involving aggression towards people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, or serious rule violations
personality disorder
Characterized by deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that cause distress or impaired functioning
