PSYCH 1200 CH 10 Flashcards
William stern
believed that child’s mental level was better thought of as the child’s mental age
“Henri may be 10, but mentally he’s 8”
Intelligence quotient
total score of standardized tests designed to asses human inteligence
Ratio IQ
was to find IQ by dividing a child’s mental age by their physical age and then multiplying by 100
Deviation IQ
they used this for adults because adults of different ages have different intellectual capacities they calculated this by dividing a persons test score by the average test score for people that age and multiplying by 100
Different Modern intelligence scales
the Stanford Binet intelligence score is based on Binet and Simons original test
Wechsler Adult intelligence scale (WAIS)
Weshcler intelligence scale for children (WISC)
David Wechsler
ask people to answer questions and solve problems
Charles spearman
measured how well children performed on certain subjects and then computed a correlation between their performance on tasks and their grades
Proposed the idea of the 2 factor theory of intelligence
Two facto theory of intelligence
spearman found that intelligence is divided by two factors
General intelligence:
Specific intelligence:
general intelligence
general intelligence: underlies all cognitive ability- performance on various mental tasks
ex. a student may do good in all subjects
specific intelligence
specific intelligence:
specific abilities that apply to specific tasks
ex. a student may excel in a specific subject but not all
Louis Thurstone
intelligence is composed of several distinct abilities, each representing a different aspect of cognitive function.
he also measured performance scores on test
ex. a child could be better at a verbal test rather than a mathematical one
The three level hiearchy
the 3 level hiearchy of intelligence is a mix of Thurstone and Spearmans theories
general intelligence at the top
middle level abilities: reasoning, memory, verbal skill
bottom: all specific abilities and skills
Data based approach and with middle level abilities
the data based approach compute correlations between performance on a large number of tests and then observe
examine people responses on IQ tests and then see how their responses correlate with each other
Theory based approach
3 types of intelligence
Triarchic theory
surveys peoples abilities and determines which intelligence test measures
Robert Sternberg
analytic intelligence
(problem solving)
creative intelligence
(novel solutions)
practical intelligence (everyday)
emotional intelligence
Mayer and Salovey define it as the ability to reason about emotions and use emotions to enhance reasoning
heritability coeificient
tells us how much of a difference between IQ scores of different people is due to difference in their genes
