Chapter 6: Memory

Question 1

Memories

Answer 1

combining info we already know with new info coming

Question 2

Information processing model of memory

Answer 2

Encoding> storage> retrieved

Question 3

Encoding

Answer 3

-creating a new memory
-ability to sense in external environment
-stored in brain and recalled from short term to long term

Question 4

storage

Answer 4

-retaining info
-ability to store information through the 3 stages of memory

Question 5

Retrieval

Answer 5

retrieved info that access events from the past that have been previously encoded

Question 6

Three stages of memory

Answer 6

sensory: input from environment fleeting sensory memory
short term: info processed through short term memory
long term: info encoded into long term for later arrival

Question 7

Three stages of model of memory

Answer 7

external events > (sensory input) >sensory memory> (attention to important info)(encoding)> working/ short term memory >(encoding) <(retrieving) longterm memory

Question 8

sensory memory incoding

Answer 8

visual (iconic)
auditory (echoic)

Question 9

Types of LTM

Question 10

explicit declarative

Answer 10

episodic (experienced events)
semantic (knowledge and concepts)
processed in hippocampus
facts/ general knowledge
memory of experiences
memory recalled

Question 11

implicit non declarative

Answer 11

procedural (skills and actions)
unconscoiusly aware of bringing a memory back
happens in the cerebellum elsewhere in the brain
motor and cognitive skills

Question 12

Patient H.M

Answer 12

recognizes himself in pictures but not in the mirror
lost explicit memory after surgery
maintained his implicit memory

Question 13

biology of memory: hippocampus

Answer 13

hippocampus- explicit memory
-feeds memory to other brain areas for storage
- limbic system
- active during sleep

Question 14

cerebellum

Answer 14

damage disrupts forming conditioned reflexes
forming/storing memories by classical conditioning
crucial for implicit memory

Question 15

techniques for improving memory

Answer 15

spacing memory: info retained better over time
serial position effect: tendency to remember first and last thing said
visual encoding: recalling through imagery
chunking: using vivid imagery
organizational encoding: elabrotive encoding

Question 16

PERSISTENCE

Answer 16

intrusive recollection of traumatic events: PTSD, DRUGS

Question 17

BIAS

Answer 17

recalling info better than others

Question 18

BLOCKING

Answer 18

failure to retrieve information

Question 19

SUGGESTABILTY

Answer 19

tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollective

Question 20

ABSENTMINDEDNESS

Answer 20

lapse in attention that results in memory failure: encoding, perspective memory; remembering in the future

Question 21

TRANSIENCE

Answer 21

forgetting what occurs through passage of time retroactive: info learned later impairs memory for info occurred early
proactive: situation info learned early impairs memory for later

Question 22

MISATTRIBUTION

Answer 22

assigning a recollection or an idea with the wrong source; source recognition; false recognition

Question 23

False memory

Answer 23

imagination inflation- imaging something and really perceiving it activate similar brain areas

Question 24

Elizabeth Loftus

Answer 24

she asked:
how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?
how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?
they reported recall of the rate of speed depended on how the question was asked

Question 25

false memory misinformation effect

Answer 25

incorporating misleading information into the memory of an event