Chapter 12: Personality

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

an individuals characteristic and style of behaving, thinking and feeling

Question 2

self-report

Answer 2

people provide information they think about themselves including thoughts, behaviours, and feelings

Question 3

MMPI

Answer 3

clinical questionnaire used to asses personality and psychological problems

Question 4

projective test

Answer 4

ambiguous stimuli designed to reveal peoples inner personalities

Question 5

rorschach inkblot test

Answer 5

respondents inner thoughts and feelings revealed by their analysis of their response to inkblot pictures

Question 6

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

Answer 6

respondents motives, concerns and the way they see the social world are believed to be revealed through analysis of stories they make up from pictures of people

Question 7

Trait approach: Gordon Allport

Answer 7

he saw a trait as a relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way ex. orderliness guides behaviour

Question 8

Factor analysis

Answer 8

sorts traits into small number of underlying dimensions factor analysis determines that certain traits represent certain factors ex. ambitious vs creative

Question 9

The five personality traits

Answer 9

OCEAN
openness to experience
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

Question 10

personality changes can cause biological causes

Answer 10

Brain damage
Brain pathologies (alzheimer’s)
pharmaceutical treatments
change the brains chemistry

Question 11

behavioural genetics

Answer 11

zygotic and dizygotic the more similar the genes the more likely the personality is shared

Question 12

male vs women

Answer 12

males:
-more agresive
-assertive
-high self esteem
females:
-expressive
-sensitive
-nurturing

Question 13

social role theory

Answer 13

personality characteristics that result from different cultural standards and expectations

Question 14

behavioural activation system
behavioural inhibition system

Answer 14

1. go system, approach in anticipation of reward
2. stop system, stimuli signals punishment

Question 15

psychodynamic approach

Answer 15

personality is strived from needs, strivings, and desires, operates outside of awareness

Question 16

id, ego, super ego

Answer 16

Id: the part of the mind containing drives present at brith; bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses particularly our sexual and aggressive drives
(drives)
superego: mental system that reflects our internalization of cultural rules (balance)
ego: developed through contact with external world that enables us to deal with life’s practical demands (morality)

Question 17

Defense mechanisms freud

Answer 17

reduces anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable pulses

Question 18

1. rationalization

Answer 18

supplying a reasonable sounding explanation for unacceptable feelings and behaviour to conceal ones feelings
ex. dropping a class because of poor ventilation

Question 19

reaction formation

Answer 19

unconsciously replacing threatening inner wishes and fantasies with an exaggerated version ex. rude to someone you like

Question 20

projection

Answer 20

attributing ones threatening feelings onto others ex. judging people for being dishonest when you are

Question 21

regression

Answer 21

reverting to immature behaviour or earlier stage of development to deal with internal conflict

Question 22

displacement

Answer 22

shifting unacceptable wishes or drives into a neutral or less threatening alternative (ex slamming door)

Question 23

identification

Answer 23

dealing with threat and making it you own
ex being a bully and becoming one

Question 24

sublimation

Answer 24

channeling aggressive behaviours into socially acceptable and culturally acceptable activities (ex. sports)

Question 25

humanistic psychologists

Answer 25

positive, optimistic view of human nature, emphasizes on goodness and growth potential

Question 26

existential psychologists

Answer 26

negotiating the issue of meaning and the reality of death

Question 27

humanistic- existential

Answer 27

integrate these insights with the focus of how personality can become optimal

Question 28

self actualization tendency

Answer 28

realizing our inner potential the need to be good to be fully alive and meaning of life

Question 29

Abraham Maslow

Answer 29

Hierarchy of needs a model of essential human needs

Question 30

Mihaly csiskszentimninaly

Answer 30

found engagement in tasks that match our abilities causes a state of “flow” feeling between boredom and anxiety

Question 31

existential approach

Answer 31

a school of thought that regards personality as governed by an individuals ongoing choices and decisions in the context of realities of life and death

Question 32

social cognitive approach

Answer 32

how people think about situations in their daily lives

Question 33

person situation controversy

Answer 33

whether behaviour is caused more by personality or by situational factors

Question 34

self concept

Answer 34

persons knowledge of their own traits and characteristics

Question 35

personal constructs

Answer 35

dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences

Question 36

locus of control

Answer 36

measure a persons tendency to perceive the control of rewards as internal to internal self or external environment