chapter 4: sensation and perception Flashcards
sensation
the detection of environmental stimuli such as sounds, objects, and smells
perception
experience of detecting those environmental stimuli- brain organizes smell, objects, and sounds
bottom up processing
sensory receptors relay information to the brain - brain interprets information
top down processing
previous experience and expectations affect detection and analysis of information from the senses
transduction
takes place when sensors in the body convert signals from physical environment into neural signals
webers law
the amount of something stays the same but the proportion changes making the perceptual difference
threshold
minimal change in a stimulus that can barley be detected only 50 percent of time
vision
transforms light into neural signals
light energy
wavelength distance from one peak to other
hue- colour experienced
intensity determined by the amplitude
3 wave properties
wavelength: color or hue
amplitude: brightness
purity: saturation
cones
colour perception is three types of cones
red green and blue photopigments
rods
perceive the light and the type of brightness
opponent process theory
brains processes colors as pairs of opposites its an complementary color after image
tri-chromatic theory
human eyes only perceive three colors of light: red, blue, and green.
retina
converts light to electrical impulse to the brain
lens
focuses light
fovea
gives you the sharpest vision
blindspot
no visual perception
optic nerve
sends impulses for sight to the brain
cornea
eyes focusing system
3 properties of sound waves
frequency (pitch)
amplitude (loudness)
complexity (timbre)
the touch receptors
touch (pain, cold, warmth)
propriception (body position)
kinesthesis: position and movement of body
vestibular balence
smell
taste
monocular cues
relative size: smaller=farther away
interposition: blocked by other object= farther away
relative height: higher in our field of vision =farther away
relative motion: moving slower = farther away
linear perspective
light and shadows
olfactory pathways
neurons linking to the brain
temporal lobe
limbic system regulate emotional reaction to smell
