Chapter 2

Question 1

intuition

Answer 1

rely on our individual experience and knowledge

Question 2

hindsight bias

Answer 2

“i knew it all along”

Question 3

coincidence

Answer 3

unusual events that are special and meaningful

Question 4

superstition

Answer 4

Helpful learning mechanisms (lucky sweater)

Question 5

overconfidence

Answer 5

we think we know everything

Question 6

confirmation bias

Answer 6

seek info that conforms are previous beliefs ignore info that says otherwise

Question 7

critical thinking evidence

Answer 7

ask questions
sources
tell us truth
exam evidence

Question 8

theory

Answer 8

integrates principles based on scientific observation and behaviours
predicts

Question 9

hypothesis

Answer 9

testable prediction
prompted by as theory

Question 10

case study

Answer 10

person is studied in depth

Question 11

naturalistic observation

Answer 11

natural observation not in a lab setting

Question 12

survey

Answer 12

questioning certain people

Question 13

negative correlation

Answer 13

The relation between two variables have an inverse relationship
ex. time spent on tv is higher
vs
time spent exercising is more negative

This is going from 100 to 0

Question 14

positive correlation

Answer 14

2 variables in the same direction either both increasing or decreasing
0-100

Question 14

no correlation

Answer 14

0 would indicate no correlation between 2 variables
ex number of ice cream sold at the beach
vs
number of people drowning

Question 14

third variable

Answer 14

both variables are related to the third variable

ex) Variable A= IQ
Variable B= reading
Variable C= comprehension

The variation of IQ cause variations of both reading and comprehension

Question 15

experimental research

Answer 15

Experiments are only research methods that can determine cause/ effect

Experiments manipulate factors that interest us whole other factors are kept under control

Question 16

independent variable

Answer 16

is the cause example amount of sunlight

Question 17

dependent variable

Answer 17

is the effect/outcome example plants growing

Question 18

control groups

Answer 18

The control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment or intervention.

Question 19

expirimental groups

Answer 19

receives the experimental treatment or intervention. This is where researchers apply the manipulation or change to the independent variable.

Question 20

blind bias

Answer 20

participants are unaware to which condition they are assigned

Question 21

double blind

Answer 21

those conducting the experiment are unaware to which participants get the real treatment

Question 22

ethical principles to experiments

Answer 22

consent/ autonomy
risk vs benefit
when to end it
ethic review boards
participant check ups

Question 23

Correlation

Answer 23

correlation = r
it is examining 2 variables

if the correlation value is 0.39 indicates the strength of that variable and direction 0.39 would be a low positive correlation