Chapter 2 Flashcards
intuition
rely on our individual experience and knowledge
hindsight bias
“i knew it all along”
coincidence
unusual events that are special and meaningful
superstition
Helpful learning mechanisms (lucky sweater)
overconfidence
we think we know everything
confirmation bias
seek info that conforms are previous beliefs ignore info that says otherwise
critical thinking evidence
ask questions
sources
tell us truth
exam evidence
theory
integrates principles based on scientific observation and behaviours
predicts
hypothesis
testable prediction
prompted by as theory
case study
person is studied in depth
naturalistic observation
natural observation not in a lab setting
survey
questioning certain people
negative correlation
The relation between two variables have an inverse relationship
ex. time spent on tv is higher
vs
time spent exercising is more negative
This is going from 100 to 0
positive correlation
2 variables in the same direction either both increasing or decreasing
0-100
no correlation
0 would indicate no correlation between 2 variables
ex number of ice cream sold at the beach
vs
number of people drowning
third variable
both variables are related to the third variable
ex) Variable A= IQ
Variable B= reading
Variable C= comprehension
The variation of IQ cause variations of both reading and comprehension
experimental research
Experiments are only research methods that can determine cause/ effect
Experiments manipulate factors that interest us whole other factors are kept under control
independent variable
is the cause example amount of sunlight
dependent variable
is the effect/outcome example plants growing
control groups
The control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the experimental treatment or intervention.
expirimental groups
receives the experimental treatment or intervention. This is where researchers apply the manipulation or change to the independent variable.
blind bias
participants are unaware to which condition they are assigned
double blind
those conducting the experiment are unaware to which participants get the real treatment
ethical principles to experiments
consent/ autonomy
risk vs benefit
when to end it
ethic review boards
participant check ups
Correlation
correlation = r
it is examining 2 variables
if the correlation value is 0.39 indicates the strength of that variable and direction 0.39 would be a low positive correlation
