Chapter 3 Nature vs nurture

Question 1

Twin studies

Answer 1

identical= 1 egg/sperm (1 zygote) > same sex
fraternal= 2 egg/sperm (2 zygote) > DNA differs like normal

Question 2

Adoption studies (nature)

Answer 2

Nature has a greater influence when adopted child is more similar to biological parents

Question 3

Adoption studies (nurture)

Answer 3

nurture is greater influence and more similar to adoptive parents

Question 4

selective breeding

Answer 4

Produces genetic changes in a population domestic change: size, tameness, looks

Humans decide the traits that are adaptive and the similar characteristics that should be passed on

Question 5

natural selection

Answer 5

-competition of survival between individual species
and how they differ in the ability to survive in a particular environment

Question 6

behavioural adaptation with natural selection

Answer 6

-individuals differences are inherited through one generation to the next
-individuals with traits that fit well with there environment are more likely to survive and have more offspring

Question 7

nature

Answer 7

refers to genetic and biological factors contributing to behaviours

Question 8

nurture

Answer 8

environmental influences that contribute to individuals development

Question 9

personality traits

Answer 9

personality is polygenetic more than one single gene
determined through genetics and external environments

Question 10

gene

Answer 10

-23 pairs 46 total
- codes for life
-cell bodies contain genetic material

Question 11

chromosome

Answer 11

homozygous= same pairs in chromosomes A+A
heterozygous= alleles are different B+b
Hemizygous= only one allele C

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

codes for proteins
-neurotransmitters
-enzymes
-ion channels
-hair

Question 13

Genotype

Answer 13

-set of genes an individual inherits
-identical twins have the same genotypes

Question 14

phenotype

Answer 14

-observable properties of body/ behavioural traits
-twins may have been in different positions in the womb causing more nutrients to one, promoting more growth

Question 15

naturalistic fallacy

Answer 15

-The idea that what is found in nature is good
-example is the aggression genes -MAOA/ CDH13 associated with ADHD snd substance abuse

Question 16

deterministic fallacy

Answer 16

-genes control behaviour that cannot be altered by environmental experiences or conscious decision
- environmental factors may play a role in the behaviour of people not just personality traits

Question 17

evolutionary psychology

Answer 17

-studies why we as humans are so alike
-human mind is composed of mental adaptations that functioned to benefit survival and reproductive success

Question 18

functionalism

Answer 18

describes the mind as a functional tool that allows us to adapt to our environments