Pulm physio Flashcards
What 3 events increase risk of pneumonia
impaired cough reflex, damaged mucocilary elevator, mucus plug
Three types of pneumonia
Lobar, broncho, interstitial (atypical)
Four gross phases of lobar pneumonia
- Congestion
- Red hepatization
- Gray hepatization
- Resolution
Describe red hepatization
Exudate, neutrophils and hemorrhage fill alveolar spaces, making spongy lung more solid
Describe gray hepatization
Degradation of red cells within exudate
Which cells are responsible for resolution after pneumonia?
Type 2 pneumocytes
Which pathogen is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults and elderly?
Strep pneumo
Which pathogen is the second most common cause of acquired pneumonia in adults?
S. aureus
Klebsiella pneumonia commonly affects
malnourished in nursing homes, diabetics, alcoholics
What color is the sputum in Kleb pneumo?
Currant jelly (red)
COPD patients are at risk of pneumonia from which pathogens (most common to least)
H. Influenzae (secondary), Moraxella catarrhalis (community acquired), Legionella (Water source)
Cystic fibrosis patients get pneumonia from which pathogen?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
which patients are at risk of developing aspiration pneumonia
Alcoholics and comatose patients
Which three agents most often cause aspiration pneumonia
Bacteroides, fusobacterium, peptococcus
Most common cause of interstitial pneumonia in young adults
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Complications of mycoplasma pneumoniae
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (IgM) and erythema multiforme
Second most common interstitial (atypical) pneumonia in young adults
Chlamydia trachomitis
Most common cause of atypical pneumonia in infants
RSV (respiratory synctival virus)
Most common cause of pneumonia in immunosuppressed (post-transplant, AIDS)
CMV
Which virus causes atypical pneumonia in elderly and increases risk of superimposed bacterial pneumonia infection?
Influenza virus
Most common cause of pneumonia in farmers and vets
Coxiella burnetii
How is coxiella different from other rickettsial organisms
- causes pneumonia
- does not require arthropod vector
- does not produce skin rash
Where is aspiration pneumonia commonly seen on XRAY
Right lower lobe
Why should a patient have PPD before starting TNF alpha inhibitors?
To avoid reactivating (secondary) tuberculosis