GI Pharmacology

Question 1

Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine (-idines)

Answer 1

Reversible H2 receptor blockers

Question 2

What is the clinical use of reversible H2R blockers (-idines)

Answer 2

Peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux

Question 3

P450 inhibition, gynecomastia, decreased libido, confusion, dizziness, headaches (crosses BBB) and impotence are side effects of which GI medication?

Answer 3

Cimetidine

Question 4

Serum creatinine levels increase with which two GI medications

Answer 4

Ranitidine and Cimetidine

Question 5

Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Esomeprazole, Pantoprazole, Dexlansoprazole (-azoles) are

Answer 5

Proton pump inhibitors (irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPas in stomach parietal cells)

Question 6

Clinical use of PPIs

Answer 6

Peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophageal reflux, ZE syndrome

Question 7

Adverse effects of PPIs

Answer 7

Increased risk of C diff infection, pneumonia. Decrease serum Magnesium with long-term use.

Question 8

constipation and hypophosphatemia; proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures are side effects of

Answer 8

Aluminum hydroxide

Question 9

hypercalcemia, rebound acid increase are side effects of

Answer 9

Calcium carbonate

Question 10

Diarrhea, hyporeflexiia, hypotension, cardiac arrest are side effects of

Answer 10

Magnesium hydroxide

Question 11

Side effect of antacids

Answer 11

Hypokalemia

Question 12

Ulcer healing and travelers’ diarrhea treatment

Answer 12

Bismuth, sucralfate

Question 13

Mechanism of bismuth and sucralfate

Answer 13

act as a physical barrier between mucous layer and ulcer so cells can reestablish pH by secreting HCO3-

Question 14

Used to prevent NSAI-induced ulcers and maintain PDA. used off-label to induce labor

Answer 14

Misoprostol! (PGE1 analog)

Question 15

Diarrhea is an adverse effect of this medication used to treat NSAID-use ulcers, maintain PDA and induce labor

Answer 15

Misoprostol

Question 16

Used to treat acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumors

Answer 16

Octreotide (somatostatin analog)

Question 17

Increased risk of cholelithiasis is with this medication

Answer 17

Octreotide

Question 18

Treats hepatic encephalopathy because gut flora degrade it into H+ that promote nitrogen excretion as NH4+

Answer 18

Lactulose

Question 19

Treats ulcerative colitis, crohn disease

Answer 19

Sulfasalazine

Question 20

Urticaria, angioedema, polyarthryitis, malaise, nausea, reversible oligospermia can be caused by

Answer 20

Sulfasalazinee

Question 21

Agonist at mu-opioid receptors that slows gut motility

Answer 21

Loperamide

Question 22

5-HT3 antagonist that decreases vagal stimulation; powerful central-acting antiemetic

Answer 22

Odansetron

Question 23

Controls postoperative and chemotherapy vomiting

Answer 23

Odansetron

Question 24

Headache, constipation, QT interval prolongation are side effects of

Answer 24

Odansetron

Question 25

D2R antagonist. Increases resting tone, LES tone and motility to treat diabetic and post surgery emesis

Answer 25

Metooclopramide

Question 26

Side effects of parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia. Restlessness, fatigue, depression, diarrhea

Answer 26

Metoclopramide

Question 27

Contraindicated in patients with small bowel obstruction or Parkinson disease

Answer 27

Metoclopramide

Question 28

Used for weight loss by inhibiting gastric and pancreatic lipase (induces steatorrhea)

Answer 28

Orlistat

Question 29

Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis, gallstone prevention or dissolution by increasing bile secretion and decreasing cholesterol secretion and reabsorption

Answer 29

Ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid)

Question 30

Macrolide antibiotic that is motilin agonist and increases peristalsis

Answer 30

Erithromycin

Question 31

Medication used for weight loss that can cause abdominal discomfort, flatulence and diarrhea

Answer 31

Orlistat