GI Pharmacology Flashcards
Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine (-idines)
Reversible H2 receptor blockers
What is the clinical use of reversible H2R blockers (-idines)
Peptic ulcer disease, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux
P450 inhibition, gynecomastia, decreased libido, confusion, dizziness, headaches (crosses BBB) and impotence are side effects of which GI medication?
Cimetidine
Serum creatinine levels increase with which two GI medications
Ranitidine and Cimetidine
Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Esomeprazole, Pantoprazole, Dexlansoprazole (-azoles) are
Proton pump inhibitors (irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPas in stomach parietal cells)
Clinical use of PPIs
Peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophageal reflux, ZE syndrome
Adverse effects of PPIs
Increased risk of C diff infection, pneumonia. Decrease serum Magnesium with long-term use.
constipation and hypophosphatemia; proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures are side effects of
Aluminum hydroxide
hypercalcemia, rebound acid increase are side effects of
Calcium carbonate
Diarrhea, hyporeflexiia, hypotension, cardiac arrest are side effects of
Magnesium hydroxide
Side effect of antacids
Hypokalemia
Ulcer healing and travelers’ diarrhea treatment
Bismuth, sucralfate
Mechanism of bismuth and sucralfate
act as a physical barrier between mucous layer and ulcer so cells can reestablish pH by secreting HCO3-
Used to prevent NSAI-induced ulcers and maintain PDA. used off-label to induce labor
Misoprostol! (PGE1 analog)
Diarrhea is an adverse effect of this medication used to treat NSAID-use ulcers, maintain PDA and induce labor
Misoprostol
Used to treat acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, carcinoid tumors
Octreotide (somatostatin analog)
Increased risk of cholelithiasis is with this medication
Octreotide
Treats hepatic encephalopathy because gut flora degrade it into H+ that promote nitrogen excretion as NH4+
Lactulose
Treats ulcerative colitis, crohn disease
Sulfasalazine
Urticaria, angioedema, polyarthryitis, malaise, nausea, reversible oligospermia can be caused by
Sulfasalazinee
Agonist at mu-opioid receptors that slows gut motility
Loperamide
5-HT3 antagonist that decreases vagal stimulation; powerful central-acting antiemetic
Odansetron
Controls postoperative and chemotherapy vomiting
Odansetron
Headache, constipation, QT interval prolongation are side effects of
Odansetron
D2R antagonist. Increases resting tone, LES tone and motility to treat diabetic and post surgery emesis
Metooclopramide
Side effects of parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia. Restlessness, fatigue, depression, diarrhea
Metoclopramide
Contraindicated in patients with small bowel obstruction or Parkinson disease
Metoclopramide
Used for weight loss by inhibiting gastric and pancreatic lipase (induces steatorrhea)
Orlistat
Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis, gallstone prevention or dissolution by increasing bile secretion and decreasing cholesterol secretion and reabsorption
Ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid)
Macrolide antibiotic that is motilin agonist and increases peristalsis
Erithromycin
Medication used for weight loss that can cause abdominal discomfort, flatulence and diarrhea
Orlistat
