Growth, Cell Adaptations and Death

Question 1

What is the hallmark of reversible cellular injury?

Answer 1

Cellular swelling (membrane blebbing, swelling of RER)

Question 2

What is the hallmark of irreversible injury

Answer 2

Membrane damage (mitochondrial membrane damage, plasma membrane damage, lysosome membrane damage)

Question 3

List the 6 types of necrosis

Answer 3

Coagulative, Liquefactive, Gangrenous, Caseous, Fat, Fibrinoid

Question 4

Defining feature of coagulative necrosis

Answer 4

Preserved cell shape and organ structure, loss of nucleus

Question 5

What causes coagulative necrosis

Answer 5

Ischemic infarction in all organs but brain

Question 6

Defining feature of liquefactive necrosis

Answer 6

Loss of cell architecture

Question 7

Pancreas and brain undergo which necrosis type

Answer 7

Liquefactive

Question 8

Which type of necrosis is abscess

Answer 8

Liquefactive

Question 9

Gangrenous necrosis commonly found in

Answer 9

GI tract or lower limbs

Question 10

Difference between dry and wet necrosis

Answer 10

Wet necrosis has overlying infection of dead tissue

Question 11

Caseous necrosis typically in

Answer 11

lungs

Question 12

Pancreas undergoes which necrosis

Answer 12

Fat necrosis

Question 13

Malignant hypertension and vasculitis are characteristic of which necrosis

Answer 13

Fibrinoid

Question 14

Two mitochondrial enzymes that eliminate free radicals

Answer 14

Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase

Question 15

Peroxisomal eenzyme that removes free radicals

Answer 15

Catalase

Question 16

How does CCl4 cause free radical injury?

Answer 16

Dry-cleaning industry, converted to CCl3, damages RER of apolipoproteins and fatty change in liver

Question 17

How does Reperfusion lead to free radical injury

Answer 17

Increase Ox-Phos pathway production of free radicals so cardiac enzymes continue to rise

Question 18

2 features of amyloidosis

Answer 18

beta pleated sheet configuration

congo red staining and apple-green birefringence under polarized light

Question 19

What is AL amyloid

Answer 19

Immunoglobulin light chain

Question 20

What is AA amyloid

Answer 20

deposition of serum amyloid associated protein (SAA) which is increased in chronic inflammmatory states, malignancy and Familial Mediterranean Fever

Question 21

What is Familial Meditteranean Fever

Answer 21

AR condition that presents with episodes of fever and acute serosal inflammation (appendicitis, arthritis, MI); high SAA during attacks

Question 22

Clinical findings of systemic amyloidosis

Answer 22

Nephrotic syndrome, restrictive cardiomyopathy, tongue enlargement/hepatosplenomegaly/malabsorption

Question 23

Treatment for systemic amyloidosis

Answer 23

organ transplant (cannot remove proteins)

Question 24

What is the mutation in Family Mediterranean Fever

Answer 24

Dysfunction of neutrophils

Question 25

What are the components involved in cell adhesion?

Answer 25

Transmembrane integrin binds to ECM fibronectin, which binds to laminin and collagen