Growth, Cell Adaptations and Death Flashcards
What is the hallmark of reversible cellular injury?
Cellular swelling (membrane blebbing, swelling of RER)
What is the hallmark of irreversible injury
Membrane damage (mitochondrial membrane damage, plasma membrane damage, lysosome membrane damage)
List the 6 types of necrosis
Coagulative, Liquefactive, Gangrenous, Caseous, Fat, Fibrinoid
Defining feature of coagulative necrosis
Preserved cell shape and organ structure, loss of nucleus
What causes coagulative necrosis
Ischemic infarction in all organs but brain
Defining feature of liquefactive necrosis
Loss of cell architecture
Pancreas and brain undergo which necrosis type
Liquefactive
Which type of necrosis is abscess
Liquefactive
Gangrenous necrosis commonly found in
GI tract or lower limbs
Difference between dry and wet necrosis
Wet necrosis has overlying infection of dead tissue
Caseous necrosis typically in
lungs
Pancreas undergoes which necrosis
Fat necrosis
Malignant hypertension and vasculitis are characteristic of which necrosis
Fibrinoid
Two mitochondrial enzymes that eliminate free radicals
Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase
Peroxisomal eenzyme that removes free radicals
Catalase
How does CCl4 cause free radical injury?
Dry-cleaning industry, converted to CCl3, damages RER of apolipoproteins and fatty change in liver
How does Reperfusion lead to free radical injury
Increase Ox-Phos pathway production of free radicals so cardiac enzymes continue to rise
2 features of amyloidosis
beta pleated sheet configuration
congo red staining and apple-green birefringence under polarized light
What is AL amyloid
Immunoglobulin light chain
What is AA amyloid
deposition of serum amyloid associated protein (SAA) which is increased in chronic inflammmatory states, malignancy and Familial Mediterranean Fever
What is Familial Meditteranean Fever
AR condition that presents with episodes of fever and acute serosal inflammation (appendicitis, arthritis, MI); high SAA during attacks
Clinical findings of systemic amyloidosis
Nephrotic syndrome, restrictive cardiomyopathy, tongue enlargement/hepatosplenomegaly/malabsorption
Treatment for systemic amyloidosis
organ transplant (cannot remove proteins)
What is the mutation in Family Mediterranean Fever
Dysfunction of neutrophils
What are the components involved in cell adhesion?
Transmembrane integrin binds to ECM fibronectin, which binds to laminin and collagen
