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USMLE > Neurology anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

Neurology anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Pain and temperature sensory receptors

A

Free nerve endings

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2
Q

C (slow unmyelinated) and A delta (fast, myelinated) fibers

A

Free nerve endings

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3
Q

Sense dynamic, fine/light touch, position sense. Large myelinated fibers that adapt quickly

A

Meissner corpuscle

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4
Q

Sense vibration and pressure in deep skin layers, ligaments and joints. Large myelinated fibers that adapt quickly

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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5
Q

Sense pressure, edges, shapes and position in finger tips and superficial skin. Large myelinated fibers that adapt slowly

A

Merkel discs

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6
Q

Sense slippage of objects, joint angle change on finger tips and joints. Dendritic endings with capsule that adapt slowly

A

Ruffini corpuscles

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7
Q

This neurotransmitter is derived from Basal nucleus of Meynert

A

Achetylcholine

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8
Q

This NT decreases in Alzheimer’s, Huntington. Increases in Parkinson

A

Acetylcholine

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9
Q

This NT is derived from the Ventral tegmentum and Substantia Nigra

A

Dopamine

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10
Q

This NT is decreased in depression and Parkinson, and increased in Schizophrenia and Huntington

A

Dopamine

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11
Q

This NT is derived from Nucleus accumbens

A

GABA

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12
Q

This NT is decreased in anxiety and Huntington

A

GABA

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13
Q

This NT is derived from locus ceruleus

A

NE

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14
Q

This NT is increased in anxiety and decreased in depression

A

NE

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15
Q

This NT is derived from Raphe nuceus

A

Serotonin

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16
Q

This NT is decreased in anxiety and depression and increased in Parkinson

17
Q

What is the organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis

A

CNS structure that senses changes in osmolarity

18
Q

What is area postrema

A

Part of medulla that mediates emesis

19
Q

Destruction to lateral area of hypothalamus leads to

A

Anorexia, failure to thrive (loss of ghrelin)

20
Q

Destruction of ventromedial area leads to

A

Loss of leptin, obesity

21
Q

The anterior hypothalamus controls

A

Cooling, parasympathetic

22
Q

Posterior hypothalamus controls

A

Heating, sympathetic

23
Q

Which three substances are associated with decreased REM and delta wave sleep

A

Alcohol, benzodiazepines and barbiturates

24
Q

Treatment for night terrors and sleepwalking

A

benzodiazepines

25
Treatment for bedwetting
Oral desmopressin
26
At which stage of sleep does bruxism occur?
Sleep spindles and K complex of non-REM
27
At which stage of sleep does sleepwalking, night terrors and bedwetting occur?
Delta waves non-REM
28
At which stage of sleep is there loss of motor tone, increase use of O2 and variable pulse and blood pressure
REM (Beta waves)
29
Ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus processes
Pain, temperature, pressure touch, vibration, proprioception of body (STT, DCML)
30
Ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus senses
Facial sensation and taste
31
Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus processes
Vision
32
Medial geniculate nucleus processes
Sound
33
Ventral lateral nucleus processes
motor input from basal ganglia or cerebellum
34
What is the major dopaminergic pathway in the brain
Nigrostriatal pathway
35
Which dopaminergic pathway is the therapeutic target for antipsychotic drugs
Mesolimbic
36
Which dopaminergic pathway decreases prolactin secretion
Tuberoinfundibular
37
Which dopaminergic pathway is involved in working memory
Mesocortical
38
The auricular nerve is a branch of
The vagus nerve in the external ear
39
Irritation of auricular nerve (external ear) can cause
reflex coughing or vomiting

USMLE (36 decks)

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