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USMLE > Neurology anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

Neurology anatomy and physiology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Pain and temperature sensory receptors

A

Free nerve endings

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2
Q

C (slow unmyelinated) and A delta (fast, myelinated) fibers

A

Free nerve endings

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3
Q

Sense dynamic, fine/light touch, position sense. Large myelinated fibers that adapt quickly

A

Meissner corpuscle

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4
Q

Sense vibration and pressure in deep skin layers, ligaments and joints. Large myelinated fibers that adapt quickly

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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5
Q

Sense pressure, edges, shapes and position in finger tips and superficial skin. Large myelinated fibers that adapt slowly

A

Merkel discs

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6
Q

Sense slippage of objects, joint angle change on finger tips and joints. Dendritic endings with capsule that adapt slowly

A

Ruffini corpuscles

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7
Q

This neurotransmitter is derived from Basal nucleus of Meynert

A

Achetylcholine

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8
Q

This NT decreases in Alzheimer’s, Huntington. Increases in Parkinson

A

Acetylcholine

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9
Q

This NT is derived from the Ventral tegmentum and Substantia Nigra

A

Dopamine

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10
Q

This NT is decreased in depression and Parkinson, and increased in Schizophrenia and Huntington

A

Dopamine

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11
Q

This NT is derived from Nucleus accumbens

A

GABA

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12
Q

This NT is decreased in anxiety and Huntington

A

GABA

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13
Q

This NT is derived from locus ceruleus

A

NE

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14
Q

This NT is increased in anxiety and decreased in depression

A

NE

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15
Q

This NT is derived from Raphe nuceus

A

Serotonin

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16
Q

This NT is decreased in anxiety and depression and increased in Parkinson

A

Serotonin

17
Q

What is the organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis

A

CNS structure that senses changes in osmolarity

18
Q

What is area postrema

A

Part of medulla that mediates emesis

19
Q

Destruction to lateral area of hypothalamus leads to

A

Anorexia, failure to thrive (loss of ghrelin)

20
Q

Destruction of ventromedial area leads to

A

Loss of leptin, obesity

21
Q

The anterior hypothalamus controls

A

Cooling, parasympathetic

22
Q

Posterior hypothalamus controls

A

Heating, sympathetic

23
Q

Which three substances are associated with decreased REM and delta wave sleep

A

Alcohol, benzodiazepines and barbiturates

24
Q

Treatment for night terrors and sleepwalking

A

benzodiazepines

25
Q

Treatment for bedwetting

A

Oral desmopressin

26
Q

At which stage of sleep does bruxism occur?

A

Sleep spindles and K complex of non-REM

27
Q

At which stage of sleep does sleepwalking, night terrors and bedwetting occur?

A

Delta waves non-REM

28
Q

At which stage of sleep is there loss of motor tone, increase use of O2 and variable pulse and blood pressure

A

REM (Beta waves)

29
Q

Ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus processes

A

Pain, temperature, pressure touch, vibration, proprioception of body (STT, DCML)

30
Q

Ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus senses

A

Facial sensation and taste

31
Q

Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus processes

A

Vision

32
Q

Medial geniculate nucleus processes

A

Sound

33
Q

Ventral lateral nucleus processes

A

motor input from basal ganglia or cerebellum

34
Q

What is the major dopaminergic pathway in the brain

A

Nigrostriatal pathway

35
Q

Which dopaminergic pathway is the therapeutic target for antipsychotic drugs

A

Mesolimbic

36
Q

Which dopaminergic pathway decreases prolactin secretion

A

Tuberoinfundibular

37
Q

Which dopaminergic pathway is involved in working memory

A

Mesocortical

38
Q

The auricular nerve is a branch of

A

The vagus nerve in the external ear

39
Q

Irritation of auricular nerve (external ear) can cause

A

reflex coughing or vomiting

USMLE (36 decks)

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