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Pharmacology > Pulm: Drugs for Asthma and COPD > Flashcards

Pulm: Drugs for Asthma and COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What are the SABA drugs?

A 
Albuterol
Terbutaline
Metaproterenol
Pirbuterol
Levalbuterol

All used in asthma PRN for symptom relief and can be used in COPD

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2
Q

Adverse effects of albuterol

A

Headache, dizziness, insomnia, dry mouth, cough

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3
Q

Warning when taking the SABA?

A

paradoxical bronchospasm, deterioration of asthma, CV effects

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4
Q

What is the only B2 agonist available for SubQ injection?

A

Terbutaline

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5
Q

Which of the SABA are safe in pts 4 years and older?

A

Levalbuterol

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6
Q

MOA of the inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Anti-inflammatory as maintenance/prophylaxis of asthma

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7
Q

What is important to remember when changing someone from systemic steroids to inhaled corticosteroids?

A

Wait a couple of months after stopping systemic to start inhaled
-deaths have occurred due to adrenal insufficiency

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8
Q

What are the most effective drugs for controlling asthma?

A

ICS

-most potent inhibitors of inflammation

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9
Q

When would budesonide or mometasone be contraindicated

A

in those with a milk allergy

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10
Q

What are budesonide, flunisolide, or triamcinolone not used to treat?

A

status asthmaticus

-do not use for this or other acute asthmatic events that require intensive measures

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11
Q

What are the inhaled corticosteroids?

A 
Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Ciclesonide
Flunisolide
Fluticansone
Mometasone
Triamcinolone

if it ends in one or ide..

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12
Q

Should you use ciclesonide in the presence of acute bronchospasm? what about around candida?

A

No

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13
Q

What is great about flunisolide or triamcinolone, which are ICS?

A

It reduces/eliminates the need to switch to oral corticosteroids

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14
Q

What is a warning when prescribing fluticasone?

A

Candida infection of the mouth

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15
Q

MOA of prednisone

A

it is an Oral corticosteroid used with SABAs for severe asthma flare ups

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16
Q

What is a warning when taking prednisone?

A

May suppress the Hypothalamic-pituitary-axis

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17
Q

MOA of Fomoterol?

A

LABA used for moderate to severe asthma not controlled with ICS

or to prevent bronchoconstriction in those with COPD

18
Q

What should you always give with LABAs?

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

-deaths have occurred due to the long acting nature, and in acute flare ups the patients were not responsive to SABAs

19
Q

MOA of Salmetrol?

A

LABA used to prevent exercise induced bronchospasm

or to prevent bronchoconstriction in those with COPD

20
Q

What two LABA are used to treat breathing problems caused by COPD?

A

Indacaterol and vilanterol

21
Q

What LABA is used as a once a day bronchodilator treatment in COPD?

A

Olodaterol

22
Q

MOA of Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist to block the life threatening bronchoconstriction in Asthma and COPD

23
Q

What is the max dose of atropine given if a patient has CAD?

A

2-3mgs

24
Q

Which M3 antagonists are used as maintenance therapy to prevent bronchospasm in COPD?

A

Ipratroprium and aclidinium

25
Q

Which M3 antagonist is used as once a day maintenance therapy to prevent bronchospasm in COPD?

A

Tiotroprium

26
Q

MOA of methylxanthines (theophylline)?

A

Prevents PDE, so stops breakdown of cAMP=bronchodilation

27
Q

When is theophylline used?

A

Used in management of airway obstruction in asthma and COPD

28
Q

MOA of Montelukast?

A

LTD4 blocker, so blocks the CysLT1 receptor

=less bronchoconstriction, mucus, and eosinophils

29
Q

MOA of Zileuton?

A

inhibits 5-lipoxygenase, so prevents the production of leukotrienes

=less bronchoconstriction, mucus, and eosinophils

30
Q

Indications of montelukast?

A

Mainly in allergies and to prevent asthma attacks

31
Q

Should montelukast be used to reverse asthma attacks (status asmaticus?)

A

no

32
Q

MOA of Zafirlukast?

A

LTD4 and E4 blocker, so blocks the CysLT1 receptor

=less bronchoconstriction, mucus, and eosinophils

33
Q

indication for zafirlukast?

A

Prophylaxis and treatment of asthma

34
Q

Warning when prescribing zafirlukast?

A

Hepatotoxicity

-monitor LFTs

35
Q

Indications of ziluton?

A

Prophylaxis and treatment of chronic asthma

-NOT FOR ASTHMA ATTACK

36
Q

Contraindications of ziluton?

A

Liver disease

-can worsen

37
Q

What monoclonal antibody is used to treat asthma?

A

Omalizumab

-binds the FReI portion of mast cells

38
Q

Indications of omalizumab?

A

Moderate to severe asthma patients with (+) skin test fo allergen not controlled by ICS

also idiopathic urticaria pts who are symptomatic, dispite taking H1 antihistamines

39
Q

What caution should there be with omalizumab?

A

Anaphylaxis

-can be life threatening, so monitor

40
Q

If pt has Asthma-COPD Overlap, how would you treat?

A

ICS+LABA+LAMA

Pharmacology (50 decks)

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