GI: Treatment of GI Infections Flashcards
Treatments for C. Diff
Vancomycin (oral glycopeptide)
Findaxamicin (macrolide)
Treatment for C. jejuni, Salmonella, and Shigella
Ciprofloxacin
Azithromycin
+ others!
What are the two options for treating helminths?
Benzimidazoles
-albendazole, mebendazole, thiabendazole
Misc.
- ivermectin
- nitazoxanide
- praziquantel
- pyrantel pamoate
MOA for the Benzimidazoles?
- Inhibit microtubule polymerization via B-tubulin binding
- -reduces glucose transport - Inhibit Mito fumarate reductase
- resulting in immobilization and death
Ivermectin MOA
Inhibits glutamate gated Cl- channels
-induces hyperpolarization to paralyze worms
MOA of Nitazoxanide
interferes with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme depenedent electron transfer that is essential to anaerobic energy metabolism
MOA of praziquantel
Increases cell permeability=loss of Ca leading massive contractions and paralysis
Pyrantel pamoate MOA
Depolarizing NM blocker
- opens non-selective cation channels and activates nicotinic ach receptors
- -massive Ach release=spastic paralysis of parasites
What are the two anti-protozoals?
Paromomycin
Metronidazole and Tinidazole
Paramomycin MOA
Unknown, maybe works to inhibit 30s
MOA for metronidazole
pro-drug; activated by electron transfer that creates nitro-free radicals as electron sink to destroy DNA
How would you treat amebiasis?
metronidazole followed by paromomycin
how would you treat anclostoma/necator americanus? (hookworms that cause IDA)
Albendazole
How would you treat ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)?
Albendazole
How would you treat giardia?
Metronidazole (tinidazole)
How would you treat adult tapeworms? (diphyllobothrium or taenia)
Praziquantel
How would you treat echinococcus?
Albendazole + praziquantel
How would you treat taenia solium caused cysticercosis?
Albendazole
How would you treat pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)?
Mebendazole (albendazole)
How would you treat schistosoma?
Praziquantel + steroids for neuro issues
How would you treat threadworm strongyloides stercolis?
ivermectin
How would you treat the whipworm trichuris trichirua?
Mebendazole (Albendazole)
How would you treat Trichinellosis?
Albendazole + Steroids (for severe)
How would you treat cryptosporidium?
Nitazoxanide
How would you treat cyclospora cayetanesis
TMP-SMX (non allergies)
Ciprofloxin for sulfa allergies
How would you treat Plamodium Falciparum?
Atovaquone or Proguanil
MOA for atovaquone
interferes with Mito electron transport and ATP synthesis
MOA for proguanil
selectively inhibits bifunctional DHF reductase thymidylate synthase enzyme
-results in inhibition of DNA synthesis since no folate cofactors
