Psychosis Flashcards
What is the definition of psychosis?
An abnormal mental state involving significant problems with reality testing, characterized by serious impairments in perception, cognition, and emotions, manifested in delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech.
American Psychological Association (APA) definition of psychosis.
What are the key features that define psychotic spectrum disorders?
Psychotic spectrum disorders are defined by:
* Delusions
* Hallucinations
* Disorganized thinking (speech)
* Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia)
* Negative symptoms
What disorders are included in the DSM 5 TR as psychotic spectrum disorders?
The DSM 5 TR includes:
* Schizophrenia
* Schizophreniform Disorder
* Schizoaffective Disorder
* Brief Psychotic Disorder
* Delusional Disorder
* Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder
* Catatonia
* Schizotypal Personality Disorder
What is the prevalence of Schizophrenia worldwide?
Approximately 1% of the population.
What are the DSM 5 TR criteria for diagnosing Schizophrenia?
The criteria include:
* Two or more of the following for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period:
* Delusions
* Hallucinations
* Disorganized speech
* Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
* Negative symptoms
* Significant functional decline
* Continuous signs for at least 6 months
* Rule out schizoaffective and mood disorders
* Not attributable to substance effects or another medical condition.
What are the symptom clusters of Schizophrenia according to DSM 5 TR?
The symptom clusters are:
* Reality distortion (delusions, hallucinations)
* Psychomotor poverty (lack of effective responsiveness, loss of drive)
* Disorganization (incoherent speech, disorganized behavior)
* Cognitive domain impairment (attention, memory, executive functioning)
What is a common differential diagnosis to consider before diagnosing Schizophrenia?
Common differential diagnoses include:
* Delirium
* Dementia
* Depression
* Medication side effects
* Learning disabilities
* Substance intoxication/withdrawal
* Psychosis due to medical conditions
How is psychosis typically assessed?
Psychosis assessment includes:
* Medical exam
* Mental State Exam
* In-depth history
* Co-lateral information
What are common treatment options for psychosis and Schizophrenia?
Common treatment options include:
* Antipsychotics
* Antidepressants
* Mood stabilizers
* Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
* Family Therapy
* Social skills training
* Group therapy
* Psycho-education
True or False: Schizophrenia can develop in childhood.
True
Fill in the blank: The age of onset for Schizophrenia in males is typically between _______.
18 – 24
What is the prevalence of Brief Psychotic Disorder?
Accounts for approximately 9% of all new reported cases of psychosis.
What is Catatonia?
Behavioral abnormalities that may include motoric immobility or excitement.
What is the prevalence of Schizotypal Personality Disorder?
Approximately 3.9% of the population.
What is a key consideration when assessing for psychosis?
Cultural specific phenomena.
What is the significance of the DSM 5 TR criteria in diagnosing Schizophrenia?
They provide structured guidelines to ensure accurate diagnosis and distinguish it from other conditions.
What type of disorders might be uncommon but still present in clinical practice?
Disorders that are highly distressing and debilitating
What is critical for an accurate diagnosis of uncommon disorders?
Screening and assessment
What are doctors required to do when they encounter uncommon disorders?
Assess, screen, diagnose, treat, or refer
True or False: Diagnosis of uncommon disorders is straightforward due to clear symptoms.
False
Fill in the blank: Many symptoms of uncommon disorders can also present as part of other _______.
Conditions
Which organization published the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., text rev.)?
American Psychiatric Association
What is the focus of the study by Gibb, Brewer, and Bowden published in The New Zealand Medical Journal?
Social impacts and costs of schizophrenia
What type of service is the Primary Mental Health Brief Intervention Service?
General Practitioner service
