Depression

Question 1

What are the main learning objectives of the Depression module?

Answer 1

Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Assessment, Cause and Risk Factors, Treatment

Includes types of depressive disorder and DSM-5-TR Major Depression Disorder (MDD)

Question 2

What is the prevalence and onset of Major Depression Disorder (MDD)?

Answer 2

Discuss prevalence and onset as part of MDD assessment

Important for understanding its impact

Question 3

What are the biopsychosocial factors of depression?

Answer 3

• Biological: Genetic vulnerability, Physical health, Disability
• Psychological: Low Self-esteem, Sensitivity to rejection, Rumination, Coping skills, Hopelessness, Negative interpretation bias
• Social: Loneliness, Isolation, Lack of social support, Family circumstances, Relationship issues, Adverse childhood events

These factors contribute to the development and maintenance of depression

Question 4

What is the DSM-5 criteria for Major Depression Disorder?

Answer 4

At least 1 major depressive episode and at least 5 symptoms present during the same 2-week period

Symptoms include depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, and others

Question 5

What is the chance of recurring episodes for Major Depressive Disorder?

Answer 5

• 50-60% chance within 1st episode
• 70% chance for subsequent episodes
• 90% chance for further episodes

Prognosis indicates a high likelihood of recurrence

Question 6

What are some medications that can have depressogenic effects?

Answer 6

Certain antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and stimulants

It’s important to assess medication history in depression

Question 7

Name some medical conditions that may have depressogenic effects.

Answer 7

• Chronic illness
• Neurological disorders
• Endocrine disorders

These conditions can complicate the treatment of depression

Question 8

What are the two basic screening questions for MDD assessment?

Answer 8

• Loss of pleasurable activities
• Feeling depressed, hopeless, or down

These questions help identify symptoms of MDD

Question 9

What are the pros of pharmacotherapy for depression?

Answer 9

• Lower cost
• Convenience
• Speed of relief

These factors make medication an attractive option for treatment

Question 10

What are the cons of psychotherapy as a treatment for depression?

Answer 10

• Cost
• Time
• Patient’s motivation and readiness

These can limit the effectiveness of therapy

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The NICE Guidelines recommend _______ + CBT for moderate to severe MDD.

Answer 11

[medication]

This combination is considered effective for treatment

Question 12

What impact does Major Depressive Disorder have?

Answer 12

• Family
• Finance
• Physical health
• Work performance

MDD affects various aspects of life

Question 13

What is the Meihana model in the context of depression?

Answer 13

• Hinengaro: Mental and emotional health factors
• Tinana: Physical health factors
• Taiao: Environmental factors
• Wairua: Spiritual health factors

This model considers multiple dimensions of health

Question 14

What are the symptoms to assess in depression?

Answer 14

• Frequency of symptoms
• Intensity of symptoms
• Duration of symptoms
• Impact of symptoms
• Suicidal ideation

These aspects are crucial for a comprehensive assessment

Question 15

True or False: Self-diagnosing or diagnosing others is encouraged in discussions about depression.

Answer 15

False

It is advised to consult a health professional for accurate diagnosis