Anxiety Flashcards
What are the 4 components of anxiety?
Physiological, behavioural, affective, cognitive
These components represent how anxiety manifests in different domains.
What is the lifetime prevalence rate of anxiety?
24.9%
This figure indicates the proportion of individuals who may experience anxiety at some point in their lives.
How is anxiety classified on a spectrum?
Normal emotion to pathological state
Anxiety is considered a disorder when it impairs functioning or causes distress.
What characterizes abnormal anxiety?
Disproportionate fear, inaccurate appraisal of threat, persists without objective danger
Abnormal anxiety can lead to significant impairment in daily functioning.
What are the main anxiety disorders listed in DSM-5?
- Panic Disorder
- Agoraphobia
- Specific Phobia
- Separation Anxiety
- Social Anxiety Disorder
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Acute Stress Disorder
These disorders have specific diagnostic criteria and characteristics.
What defines a Panic Attack?
Intense surge of fear with 4 or more symptoms, peaks within 10 minutes
Symptoms include palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, and feelings of choking.
What is the lifetime prevalence of Panic Disorder?
4.7%
This statistic indicates the percentage of individuals who may develop Panic Disorder during their lifetime.
What are common symptoms of Agoraphobia?
- Fear of using public transport
- Fear of open spaces
- Fear of enclosed spaces
- Fear of standing in line or crowds
- Fear of being outside alone
These fears lead to avoidance behaviors and significant distress.
What is the prevalence of Specific Phobia?
7.2% - 11.3%
Specific Phobia involves intense fear of specific objects or situations.
What are the symptoms of Separation Anxiety Disorder?
- Excessive distress when anticipating separation
- Worry about losing attachment figures
- Reluctance to go out due to fear of separation
- Nightmares involving separation
Symptoms typically persist for at least 4 weeks in children and 6 months in adults.
What is a key feature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months
GAD often involves chronic worry about multiple life matters.
What differentiates GAD from non-pathological worry?
GAD is excessive, uncontrollable, and leads to significant impairment
Non-pathological worry is manageable and less likely to cause physical symptoms.
What is the typical age of onset for Social Anxiety Disorder?
Between 8-15 years
Early intervention is crucial as untreated cases can become chronic.
What are the criteria for diagnosing Panic Disorder?
- Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
- Persistent concern about attacks or maladaptive behavior change
- Not attributable to substance effects or another medical condition
Diagnosis requires that symptoms significantly impair functionality.
True or False: Panic attacks can be expected or unexpected.
True
Expected attacks are cued by certain situations, while unexpected attacks occur without obvious triggers.
What is a common behavioral response to anxiety?
Fight, flight, or avoidance
These responses are typical when faced with perceived threats.
What is a hallmark symptom of Social Anxiety Disorder?
Fear of negative evaluation in social situations
This fear can lead individuals to avoid social interactions altogether.
Fill in the blank: The fear experienced in Specific Phobia is often _______.
excessive or unreasonable
Individuals recognize the fear as disproportionate to the actual threat.
What characterizes non-pathological worry?
Not excessive, perceived as manageable, can be put off when more pressing matters arise, less likely to be accompanied by physical symptoms.
Non-pathological worry is often seen as a normal part of life.
What is a common statement among individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Often say worried all their life.
What are the two types of worry identified in theoretical work?
- Type 1 worry (positive elements)
- Type 2 worry (negative, worry about the worry)
What are some characteristics of Type 2 worry?
- My worry is uncontrollable
- I could go crazy with worrying
- My worries will take over and control me
How does DSM V categorize Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
Now under Trauma-& Stressor-Related Disorders.
How does DSM V categorize Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
Now under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders.
What is a Potentially Traumatizing Event (PTE)?
Unpredictable, uncontrollable, severe, catastrophic violation of fundamental beliefs and expectations about safety, physical integrity, trust, and justice.
What percentage of the population is reported to have experienced PTEs?
50% - 89%.
What are common immediate stress reactions to trauma?
- Feelings of fear, sadness, anger
- Overwhelmed, tearful/unsafe
- Detached/withdrawn
- Difficulty with attention/concentration/planning
- Unwanted/recurring memories/bad dreams
- Sleep problems
What are the criteria for PTSD diagnosis in adults?
- A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence
- B. Presence of intrusive symptoms
- C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the event
- D. Negative alterations in cognition or mood
- E. Physiological arousal/reactivity
- F. Duration of disturbance is more than one month
- G. Causes significant distress or impairment in functioning
What is the lifetime prevalence of PTSD?
8%.
What are some common themes associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?
- Cleaning
- Symmetry
- Taboo thoughts
- Harm
What characterizes obsessions in OCD?
Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive and unwanted, causing marked distress or anxiety.
What characterizes compulsions in OCD?
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed in response to an obsession aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety.
What is the time requirement for OCD symptoms to be considered time-consuming?
More than one hour a day.
What is a key diagnostic symptom of Mark’s condition in the example case?
Physiological - heart rate increase and feeling sick with exposure to the feared place.
What are the key diagnostic criteria for Mark’s potential psychological disorder?
- Marked anxiety about a specific situation
- The situation almost always provokes fear
- The situation is avoided if possible
- Causes significant distress and impairment
- Persistent problem since age 5
What impact does anxiety have on functioning?
Can have a huge impact on occupational, social, educational, and routine functioning.
What should be recognized in the context of anxiety disorders?
Differential diagnosis, assessment, treatment, and referral.
