Childhood Disorders 2 Flashcards
What are the three types of ADHD?
Inattentive, Hyperactive-Impulsive, Combined
What is the DSM-V criterion for ADHD regarding symptom presence?
6 or more symptoms in each category up to age 16, 5 or more from age 17, present for at least 6 months
What is the longitudinal criterion for ADHD in the DSM-V?
Hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms causing impairment before age 12
What does the cross situational criterion for ADHD entail?
Impairment from symptoms in two or more settings
What are the signs of inattention in ADHD?
- Fails to pay attention to details
- Difficulty sustaining attention
- Often doesn’t seem to be listening
- Doesn’t follow through with instructions
- Difficulty organizing tasks
- Avoids sustained mental effort
- Often loses things
- Easily distracted
- Often forgetful
What behaviors indicate hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD?
- Fidgets or squirms in seat
- Leaves seat in classroom
- Runs about excessively
- Acts as if driven by motor
- Unable to play quietly
- Talks excessively
- Blurts out answers
- Interrupts
What is the worldwide prevalence of ADHD?
5%
What is the prevalence of ADHD among adults?
2-3%
What is the male to female ratio for ADHD in childhood?
2:1
What genetic risk factor is associated with ADHD?
60% risk if a parent has ADHD
What are some pregnancy and early development risk factors for ADHD?
- Birth complications
- Maternal stress
- Exposure to toxins
What are common comorbidities associated with ADHD?
- Anxiety (25%)
- Mood disorders (20-30%)
- Oppositional problems (50%)
- ASD (50% with ASD have ADHD)
- Developmental coordination issues (30-50%)
What are some possible associated problems with ADHD?
- Tourette’s disorder
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Trauma/maltreatment
- Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)
- Suicide attempts
- Substance misuse
What percentage of children with ADHD experience sleep problems?
Up to 70%
What are some physical problems associated with ADHD?
- Motor coordination issues
- Increased risk of accidental injury
- Health problems like obesity and hypertension
What are the risks for females with ADHD compared to males?
Worse outcomes regarding antisocial behavior and peer rejection, heightened risk of eating disorders, self-harm, and unplanned pregnancy
What is required for a proper ADHD assessment?
Specialist assessment considering strengths, difficulties, and common comorbidities
What are the potential side effects of ADHD medication?
- Irritability
- Loss of appetite
- Insomnia
- Social withdrawal
- Reduced height and weight gain
What is a common focus of effective parent training interventions for ADHD?
- Parent-child relationship
- Child behavior attributions
- Reinforcement processes
- Family structure
True or False: ADHD is considered a genuine medical condition.
True
Fill in the blank: ADHD medication benefits cease when not taken or when medication is _______.
metabolized
