Introduction to Mental Disorders Flashcards
What is the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in New Zealand?
47%
Almost half of New Zealanders will experience mental distress or illness in their lifetime.
What is the pooled lifetime prevalence of common mental disorders across 85 surveys?
Between 25.9% and 32.6%
This statistic reflects the commonality of mental disorders in the population.
What is a mental disorder?
A psychiatric illness characterized primarily by behavioral or psychological impairment of functioning
It is associated with distress or disease, not just an expected response to an event.
Name two major classification systems used in psychiatric diagnosis.
- DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
- ICD (International Classification of Diseases)
What is the diathesis-stress model?
A model that describes the development of a mental disorder as a result of the interaction between a predisposition (diathesis) and stressors.
What is the first point of contact for patients with mental health issues?
General Practitioner (GP)
Consultations are often time-limited.
What percentage of stroke patients experience depression?
30-50%
This indicates a high comorbidity of depression with stroke.
What percentage of chronic pain patients experience anxiety?
30%
This demonstrates the relationship between chronic pain and mental health disorders.
True or False: Many mental disorders have a proven biological basis.
False
Mental disorders are often seen as social constructs rather than purely biological.
What evolution did the DSM undergo from DSM I to DSM 5?
- DSM I: Psychoanalytic and etiological based
- DSM II: Psychodynamic / psychosocial etiological based
- DSM III: Biomedical, statistically based with discrete entities
- DSM IV: Data re-analysis
- DSM 5: Neurocognitive, etiological based
What is the purpose of the Mental Status Examination in psychiatric diagnosis?
It adds objectivity to assessments and provides a shared language for mental health professionals.
Fill in the blank: The use of diagnostic classification systems increases __________ and interrater reliability.
objectivity
What is the main criticism of psychiatric classifications like the DSM according to Noel O’Hare?
They lack a proven biological basis and are influenced by social constructs and political pressures.
What are the three types of bipolar disorder mentioned in differential diagnosis?
- Bipolar I
- Bipolar II
- Cyclothymic Disorder
What is a key skill to develop when treating mental disorders?
Identifying, formulating, and appropriately treating or referring patients.
What defines mental health according to the provided content?
A state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential.
What is the significance of relationships and empathy in mental health consultations?
They are important in eliciting challenges faced by patients.
