Psychopathology

Question 1

statistical infrequency

Answer 1

an individual has a less common characteristic.

Example: more depressed than population

Question 2

Deviation from social norms

Answer 2

different behaviour from what is accepted in society

Question 3

failure to function adequately

Answer 3

someone is unable to cope with ordinary demands of day-to-day living

Question 4

deviation from ideal mental health

Answer 4

someone doesn’t meet a criteria for good mental health

Question 5

phobia

Answer 5

an irrational fear (object/situation)

Question 6

behavioural

Answer 6

ways in which people act

Question 7

emotional

Answer 7

related to a persons feelings or mood

Question 8

cognitive

Answer 8

process of ‘knowing’ including: thinking, reasoning, remembering, and believing

Question 9

depression

Answer 9

mental disorder characterised by low mood/energy

Question 10

OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder)

Answer 10

condition characterised by obsessions and/or compulsive behaviour.

Question 11

are obsessions cognitive or behavioural

Answer 11

cognitive

Question 12

are compulsions cognitive or behavioural

Answer 12

behavioural

Question 13

behavioural (behaviourist) approach

Answer 13

explaining behaviours in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning

Question 14

two process model

Answer 14

explanation for the on set and persistence of disorders that create anxiety (such as phobias)

Question 15

what are the 2 processes for onset and persistence

Answer 15

classical conditioning- onset
operant conditioning- persistence

Question 16

classical conditioning

Answer 16

learning by association

Question 17

process of classical conditioning

Answer 17

2 stimuli repeatedly paired.

• UNCONDITIONED stimulus (UCS) + NEUTRAL stimulus (NS)
• NEUTRAL stimulus eventually produces that same response that was first produced by the UNCONDITIONED stimulus alone.

Question 18

operant conditioning

Answer 18

behaviour shaped and maintained by its consequences

consequences include:
- positive reinforcement
- negative reinforcement or punishment

Question 19

systematic destination (SD)

Answer 19

behavioural therapy designed to reduce an unwanted response (like anxiety)

Question 20

what does systematic destination require

Answer 20

drawing up a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations related to a person’s phobic stimulus, teaching the person to relax, then exposing them to phobic stimulus.

work through hierarchy and maintain relaxation.

Question 21

flooding

Answer 21

person with a phobia is exposed to an extreme form of phobic stimulus to reduce anxiety triggered by stimulus.

Across a small amount of long therapy sessions

Question 22

cognitive approach

Answer 22

focused on how our mental processes affect behaviour