Psychological Treatment Flashcards
factors to consider for treatment
diagnosis comorbidities developmental level past success in therapy client preference
individual therapy
just one and their therapist
most common, expensive, and effective form of therapy
group therapy
4-12 individuals
more cost-effective form of individual therapy
therapist leads discussion, allows clients to provide insight when an individual is struggling
increases normalization of mental illness and emotional support
couples therapy
treatment of both partners in an intimate relationship
main focus: relationship issues
family therapy
treatment of family unit
main focus: communication and family dynamic
typically involves parent and child
assigns roles and demonstrates how they are connected
common reasons one seeks therapy
presence of disorder subclinical symptoms that cause distress and impairment interpersonal conflict desire to change a habit lack of motivation or purpose career/school problems
why do so few people (~1/3) get treatment?
money
insurance
stigma
types of therapists
psychologist
psychiatrists
counselors
psychiatric nurses
psychologist
have doctoral degree
give psychotherapy and psychological testing
psychiatrist
physician
administer medication as most common treatment
counselors
receive master’s degree
work in more general places (workplace, school)
psychiatric nurse
have bachelor’s degree
work in inpatient units, ERs, or hospitals
insight therapy
talk therapy
goal: increase client’s insight about the source of their problems, and to determine potential, effective solutions
types of insight therapy
psychoanalysis
client-centered therapy
psychoanalysis
emphasizes recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses
negative occurrences and conflicts in childhood lead to maladjustment in adulthood
psychoanalytic techniques and hypotheses
interpretation resistance transference free association dream interpretation
interpretation
explanation of the hidden significance of thoughts, feelings, memories, and behaviors
resistance
unconscious defenses attempting to impede the progress of therapy
transference
client unconsciously starts relating to the therapist in a way that mimics other significant relationships in their life
free association
the spontaneous expression of thoughts and feelings as they occur with as little censorship as possible
dream interpretation
consists of latent content and manifest content
client centered therapy
uses humanistic perspective
allow client to choose the pace and direction of therapy
mental strife derives from incongruence between self-conflict and reality
uses clarification
clarification
the therapist reflects client’s words back to them, but with added detail to provide insight
therapeutic climate
most important factor of therapy
factors: genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathy
well-being therapy
enhances client’s self-acceptance, purpose in life, autonomy, and personal growth
postive psychotherapy
helps clients recognize their personal strengths, appreciate their blessing, savor positive experiences, and find meaning
factors of effectiveness of therapy
desired outcomes stress/factors external to therapy symptom severity spontaneous remission placebo effect
behavioral therapy
based on principles of learning
alter problematic responses to environmental stimuli and maladaptive habits
theory of behavioral therapy
less emphasis on personal insights or meaning making
focus: eliminating maladaptive behaviors or replacing them
systematic desensitization and exposure therapy
used to decrease anxiety through counterconditioning
process of systematic desensitization
anxiety hierarchy progressive muscle relaxation imaginal exposure to anxiety provoking stimulus counter conditioning move up ladder
process of exposure therapy
anxiety hierarchy
in vivo exposure to anxiety provoking stimuli
exhaustion of fear response
move up ladder
aversion therapy
used for treatment of addiction and other maladaptive habits
process of aversion therapy
pleasurable stimulus paired with negative stimulus
classically condition avoidance of pleasurable stimulus
social skills training
improves interpersonal skills that emphasize modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and shaping
modeling
watch socially skilled peers and role models display appropriate behaviors
behavior rehearsal
practice certain behaviors in structured role-playing scenarios with corrective feedback
client practices in real-world scenarios once the behaviors are mastered
shaping
start with small skills -> gradually learn more challenging social skills
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
uses verbal interventions and behavioral modifications to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking and interacting
cognitive therapy
uses specific strategies to correct habitual thinking errors that underlie various mental disorders or cause personal distress
thought biases
maladaptive patterns of thinking that lead to negative self-perceptions and emotional consequences
process of CBT
identify automatic thoughts
work through challenges
behavioral activation
common thought biases
all/nothing thinking personalization mind reading fortune telling overgeneralizing labeling disqualifying the positive catastrophizing
biomedical therapy
interventions into a client’s biological functioning
anti-anxiety medication
used to relieve tension, apprehension, and nervousness
immediately effective
have short-term relief
side effects of anti-anxiety meds
drowsiness
nausea
dependence
withdrawal
antipsychotic medication
gradually decrease psychotic symptoms
typically necessary to treat psychotic disorders
side effects of antipsychotic meds
cotton mouth, weight gain, tardive dyskinesia (a permanent side effect)
antidepressants
gradually elevate mood, and help people out of depression
newer meds have fewer side effects
side effects of antidepressants
drowsiness, anxiety, suicide
mood stabilizers
used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders
side effects of mood stabilizers
toxicity, weight gain, kidney and thyroid problems
criticism of medication
act as “band-aids”
overprescription
unpleasant side effects are underemphasized by doctors
drug interactions
lack of understanding of how the drugs work
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
used to treat depression that doesn’t respond to medication or other therapies
rarely used
side effects of ECT
memory loss
impaired attention
cognitive defects
