Psychological Disorders Flashcards
types of abnormal behavior
deviance
maladaptive behavior
personal distress
deviance
actions defy social norms or expectations
maladaptive behavior
interferes with social, occupational, or personal quality of life
personal distress
caused when one is upset by the consequences of one’s behavior or emotions
medical model of mental illness
diagnosis, prevalence, prognosis, etiology
what are the most common mental health disorders?
substance abuse, anxiety, and mood disorders
what are the gender differences with mental health disorders?
disorders are equally prevalent between men and women
women are more likely to have anxiety, depression, and abuse food
men are more likely to perform substance abuse
which race has the highest rate of mental health disorders?
American Indian/Alaskan Native
which race is most likely to seek treatment for mental health disorders?
White
when is one most vulnerable to developing a mental health disorder?
during college
what are biological causes of mental health disorders?
genetics
brain abnormalities
neurotransmitter imbalances
prenatal abnormalities
what are psychosocial causes of mental health disorders?
emotional dysregulation
cognitive biases
stressful live events
substance abuse
diathesis stress model
genetic risks interact with stressful life events to increase or decrease susceptibility to developing a mental health disorder
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
chronic distressing anxiety with no external threat for a minimum of 6 mos.
has 5-6% prevalence
more common in women
symptoms of GAD
fatigue, restlessness, sleep disturbances, irriability
social anxiety disorder (SAD)
chronic fear that anxious feelings will be noticed in social situations, which would lead to judgment/rejection
7% prevalence
more common in women
panic disorder
repeated experiences of sudden panic symptoms that reach peak intensity within 10 mins.
2-6% prevalence
more common in women
symptoms of panic disorder
chest tightness, racing heart, dizziness, nausea
specific phobia
persistent and irrational fear of a specific situation or object
5-12% prevalence
equal prevalence between men and women
common specific phobias
claustrophobia acrophobia glossophobia arachnophobia agoraphobia ophidiophobia aerophobia
claustrophobia
extreme/irrational fear of confined places
acrophobia
extreme/irrational fear of heights
glossophobia
extreme/irrational fear of public speaking
arachnophobia
extreme/irrational fear of spiders
agoraphobia
extreme/irrational fear of crowded spaces or enclosed public places
ophidiophobia
extreme/irrational fear of snakes
aerophobia
extreme/irrational fear of flying
post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
repeated and intrusive thoughts, memories, dreams, or flashbacks of a stressful event
7-10% prevalence
equal occurrence between men and women
symptoms of PTSD
isolation, risky behavior, hypervigilance, strong physical and emotional reactions to reminder of the event
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
excessive thoughts that lead to repetitive behaviors
can’t ignore obsession or stop perform compulsions
2-3% prevalence
equal occurrence between men and women
obsession
unwanted, intrusive, distressing thought
compulsion
action one feels compelled to carry out to avoid a negative consequence
what are common compulsions?
handwashing checking behavior repeating words repetitive cleaning undoing/cancelling out counting
what are common obsessions?
contamination lack of control harm perfectionism sexual thoughts religion
what are common causes of PTSD?
combat sexual assault physical assault car accident natural disasters child abuse witnessing violent acts
major depressive disorder
persistent feelings of low mood or irritability for a minimum of 2 wks
13-14% prevalence
women twice as likely to develop it
symptoms of depression
weight changes, sleep changes, feeling guilty or worthless, suicidal thoughts
bipolar disorder
one or more manic episodes along with an intermittent depressive period
~1% prevalence rate
equal occurrence between men and women
characteristics of bipolar disorder
at least one week with an elevated, euphoric, or irritable mood with:
inflated self-esteem, less need for sleep, racing thoughts, increase in goal-directed behavior, and excessive pleasurable and risky behaviors
facts about suicide
is the 11th leading cause of death
women are more likely to attempt suicide; men are more likely to commit suicide
90% of individuals who complete suicide experienced mental illness
men 75+ have the highest suicide rate
schizophrenia
disorder that affects a person’s ability to think, feel, and behave clearly
most costly mental health disorder
1% prevalence
equal occurrence among men and women
symptoms of schizophrenia
delusions disorganized thinking hallucinations (auditory, somatic, or visual) flat affect disorganized/catatonic behavior
common delusions
grandeur reference persecution religious somatic control
flat affect
one can’t properly display emotion on their face
