Neuroscience

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

peripheral nerves

divided into autonomic and somatic systems

Question 3

autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

PNS that controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands
divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 4

sympathetic divsion

Answer 4

controls arousing actions

Question 5

parasympathetic

Answer 5

controls calming actions

Question 6

electroencephalograph (EEG)

Answer 6

neuroimaging technique that monitors electrical activity of the brain

Question 7

computerized tomography (CT)

Answer 7

neuroimaging technique that gives a 3D x-ray of the brain

Question 8

positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 8

neuroimaging technique that examines brain function

Question 9

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer 9

neuroimaging technique that monitors blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain

Question 10

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 10

neuroimaging technique that maps out brain structure

Question 11

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 11

technique that can enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain

Question 12

forebrain

Answer 12

executive center of the brain

Question 13

cerebrum

Answer 13

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes

Question 14

midbrain

Answer 14

emotional center of the brain

controls localization, dopamine production, and integrates sensory processes

Question 15

hindbrain

Answer 15

survival center of the brain

cerebellum, pons, medulla

Question 16

subcortical brain

Answer 16

amygdala
hippocampus
thalamus 
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
basal ganglia

Question 17

pons

Answer 17

controls sleep and arousal

Question 18

medulla

Answer 18

houses survival functions

Question 19

cerebellum

Answer 19

controls coordination and balance

Question 20

basal ganglia

Answer 20

controls movement and reward system

may be involved with addictions

Question 21

thalamus

Answer 21

controls incoming and outgoing signals

Question 22

hypothalamus

Answer 22

controls hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual behavior

Question 23

pituitary gland

Answer 23

controls the endocrine system (hormones)

Question 24

amygdala

Answer 24

controls emotion

Question 25

hippocampus

Answer 25

controls memory and learning

Question 26

frontal lobe

Answer 26

controls movement

Question 27

parietal lobe

Answer 27

controls touch

Question 28

temporal lobe

Answer 28

controls hearing

Question 29

occipital lobe

Answer 29

controls vision

Question 30

motor cortex

Answer 30

controls movement | messages are sent from it to various body regions

Question 31

somatosensory cortex

Answer 31

controls sensation | messages are sent from various body regions to it

Question 32

left hemisphere

Answer 32

houses language functions and the right visual field controls the right side of the body analytical

Question 33

right hemisphere

Answer 33

houses nonverbal abilities and the left visual field controls the left side of the body synthetic

Question 34

corpus callosum

Answer 34

facilitates communication between the two brain hemispheres

Question 35

functions of the prefrontal cortex

Answer 35

``` orchestration of thoughts and actions planning of complex cognitive behaviors personality decision making social behavior ```

Question 36

neurons

Answer 36

the primary cells of the nervous system | receive, process, and transmit information to other cells

Question 37

glia

Answer 37

hold neurons together facilitate neural transmission remove damages and dead neurons prevent poisons in blood form reaching the brain

Question 38

how do neurons communicate within themselves?

Answer 38

action potentials

Question 39

how do neurons communicate between different neurons?

Answer 39

neurotransmitters

Question 40

parts of a neuron

Answer 40

``` dendrites soma axon hillock axon myelin sheath axon terminals ```

Question 41

synapse

Answer 41

junction between neurons where neurotransmitters are release for neural communication

Question 42

parts of a synapse

Answer 42

``` presynaptic axon terminal synaptic vesicles synaptic gap receptor site postsynaptic dendrite ```

Question 43

neurotranmitters

Answer 43

chemicals that transmit information from neuron to neuron

Question 44

acetylcholine

Answer 44

neurotransmitter that controls movement, learning, and memory

Question 45

dopamine

Answer 45

neurotransmitter that controls movement, pleasure, learning, attention, and emotion

Question 46

norepinephrine

Answer 46

neurotransmitter that controls mood and arousal

Question 47

serotonin

Answer 47

neurotransmitter that controls alertness, arousal, hunger, and sleep

Question 48

endorphines

Answer 48

neurotransmitter that controls mood and pain

Question 49

GABA

Answer 49

neurotransmitter that causes inhibition and arousal

Question 50

neuroplasticity

Answer 50

lasting change to the brain throughout life | neurons that fire together wire together

Question 51

agonist

Answer 51

chemical that mimics that action of a neurotransmitter

Question 52

antagonist

Answer 52

chemical that negates the action of a neurotransmitter

Question 53

somatic nervous system

Answer 53

PNS that controls voluntary movement