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PSYCH 111 > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nerves

divided into autonomic and somatic systems

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3
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

PNS that controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands
divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

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4
Q

sympathetic divsion

A

controls arousing actions

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5
Q

parasympathetic

A

controls calming actions

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6
Q

electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

neuroimaging technique that monitors electrical activity of the brain

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7
Q

computerized tomography (CT)

A

neuroimaging technique that gives a 3D x-ray of the brain

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8
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

neuroimaging technique that examines brain function

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9
Q

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

A

neuroimaging technique that monitors blood flow and oxygen consumption in the brain

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10
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

neuroimaging technique that maps out brain structure

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11
Q

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

technique that can enhance or depress activity in a specific area of the brain

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12
Q

forebrain

A

executive center of the brain

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13
Q

cerebrum

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes

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14
Q

midbrain

A

emotional center of the brain

controls localization, dopamine production, and integrates sensory processes

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15
Q

hindbrain

A

survival center of the brain

cerebellum, pons, medulla

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16
Q

subcortical brain

A 
amygdala
hippocampus
thalamus 
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
basal ganglia
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17
Q

pons

A

controls sleep and arousal

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18
Q

medulla

A

houses survival functions

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19
Q

cerebellum

A

controls coordination and balance

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20
Q

basal ganglia

A

controls movement and reward system

may be involved with addictions

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21
Q

thalamus

A

controls incoming and outgoing signals

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22
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sexual behavior

23
Q

pituitary gland

A

controls the endocrine system (hormones)

24
Q

amygdala

A

controls emotion

25
Q

hippocampus

A

controls memory and learning

26
Q

frontal lobe

A

controls movement

27
Q

parietal lobe

A

controls touch

28
Q

temporal lobe

A

controls hearing

29
Q

occipital lobe

A

controls vision

30
Q

motor cortex

A

controls movement

messages are sent from it to various body regions

31
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

controls sensation

messages are sent from various body regions to it

32
Q

left hemisphere

A

houses language functions and the right visual field
controls the right side of the body
analytical

33
Q

right hemisphere

A

houses nonverbal abilities and the left visual field
controls the left side of the body
synthetic

34
Q

corpus callosum

A

facilitates communication between the two brain hemispheres

35
Q

functions of the prefrontal cortex

A 
orchestration of thoughts and actions
planning of complex cognitive behaviors
personality
decision making
social behavior
36
Q

neurons

A

the primary cells of the nervous system

receive, process, and transmit information to other cells

37
Q

glia

A

hold neurons together
facilitate neural transmission
remove damages and dead neurons
prevent poisons in blood form reaching the brain

38
Q

how do neurons communicate within themselves?

A

action potentials

39
Q

how do neurons communicate between different neurons?

A

neurotransmitters

40
Q

parts of a neuron

A 
dendrites
soma
axon hillock
axon
myelin sheath
axon terminals
41
Q

synapse

A

junction between neurons where neurotransmitters are release for neural communication

42
Q

parts of a synapse

A 
presynaptic axon terminal
synaptic vesicles
synaptic gap
receptor site
postsynaptic dendrite
43
Q

neurotranmitters

A

chemicals that transmit information from neuron to neuron

44
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter that controls movement, learning, and memory

45
Q

dopamine

A

neurotransmitter that controls movement, pleasure, learning, attention, and emotion

46
Q

norepinephrine

A

neurotransmitter that controls mood and arousal

47
Q

serotonin

A

neurotransmitter that controls alertness, arousal, hunger, and sleep

48
Q

endorphines

A

neurotransmitter that controls mood and pain

49
Q

GABA

A

neurotransmitter that causes inhibition and arousal

50
Q

neuroplasticity

A

lasting change to the brain throughout life

neurons that fire together wire together

51
Q

agonist

A

chemical that mimics that action of a neurotransmitter

52
Q

antagonist

A

chemical that negates the action of a neurotransmitter

53
Q

somatic nervous system

A

PNS that controls voluntary movement

PSYCH 111 (22 decks)

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