Perception Flashcards
Gestalt principles
innate rules that guide perception patterns
figure-ground
background is seen as farther away than the figure
closure
incomplete stimuli are formed into finished objects
proximity
physically grouped objects are grouped together
continuity
continuous lines are perceived over discontinuous ones
similarity
similar objects are grouped together
cognitive style
the tendency to perceive in a particular way
field dependence
focus on background
field independence
focus on central objects
perceptual sets
predispositions to interpret stimuli in particular ways
depends on context and expectations
perceptual constancies
the perception of an object is seen as constant under changing conditions
depends on shape, size, and color
monocular cues
the size of the retinal image depends on distance
binocular cues
retinal images differ slightly in each of our eyes
linear perceptive
narrow parallel lines are perceived further away than wide ones
texture gradient
denser and less distinct texture is perceived as further away
interposition
overlapped objects are perceived as further away
relative size
when expected to be the same size, smaller objects are perceived as further away
height in plane
objects low in the field are perceived as close; objects high in the field are perceived as further away
light and shadow
patterns of light and dark suggest shadows that can create an impression of 3D forms
optical illusions
visually perceived images that differ from objective reality
caused by physiology and cognition
physiology
excessive stimulation of brightness, color, size, position, tilt, and movement on the eyes and brain
cognition
unconscious inferences
change blindness
failure to notice unexpected objects or changes
