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PSYCH 111 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

A

individual differences that influence feelings, behaviors, and thoughts across time and situations
used constantly
best explained by many aspects

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2
Q

approaches to personality

A 
psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
humanistic
behavioral 
socio-cognitive
trait
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3
Q

foundation of the psychodynamic approach

A

case studies of clinical patients in psychoanalysis

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4
Q

key ideas of the psychodynamic approach

A

unconscious influences behavior

personality formed in early childhood

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5
Q

key concepts of the psychodynamic approach

A

id
ego
superego

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6
Q

id

A

instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle

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7
Q

pleasure principle

A

demands immediate gratification of its urges

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8
Q

ego

A

decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle

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9
Q

reality principle

A

seeks to delay gratification of the id’s urges until appropriate outlets and situations can be found

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10
Q

superego

A

moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong

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11
Q

psychoanalytic model

A

intrapsychic conflict that leads to anxiety, which leads to reliance on defense mechanisms

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12
Q

defense mechanism

A

unconscious psychological strategies for dealing with anxiety

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13
Q

what are the defense mechanisms?

A 
repression
projection
displacement
reaction formation
regression
rationalization
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14
Q

repression

A

keeping thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious

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15
Q

projection

A

attributing one’s own thoughts, feelings, or motives to another

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16
Q

displacement

A

diverting emotional feelings from the original source to a substitute target

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17
Q

reaction formation

A

behaving in a way that is exactly the opposite of one’s true feelings

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18
Q

regression

A

reversion to immature patterns of behavior

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19
Q

rationalization

A

creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behaviors

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20
Q

foundation of the humanistic approach

A

case studies of clinical patients in client-centered therapy

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21
Q

key ideas of the humanistic approach

A

goodness of human nature
emphasis of free will
importance of subjective experience

22
Q

key concept of the humanistic approach

A

self-concept

23
Q

self-concept

A

mental model of abilities and attributes

24
Q

humanistic model

A

congruence of self-concept and actual experience means the person is well-adjusted.
incongruence of self-concept and actual experiences means the person is poorly adjusted.

25
Q

foundation of the behavioral approach

A

lab studies primarily with animal subjects

26
Q

key ideas of the behavioral approach

A

personality is a response tendency shaped by reinforcement history
environmental determinism

27
Q

environmental determinism

A

one’s environment determines their personality

28
Q

behaviorist model

A

one’s environment determines their behavior, which has consequences (which further impacts one’s behavior)

29
Q

foundation of the social-cognitive approach

A

lab studies with primarily human children subjects

30
Q

key ideas of the socio-cognitive approach

A

individuals are self-organizing, self-reflecting, and self-regulating
self-efficacy impacts behavior

31
Q

socio-cognitive model

A

reciprocal determinism

32
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

internal mental events, external environmental events, and overt behavior all influence one another

33
Q

self efficacy

A

our beliefs about performance capacity in a particular situation

34
Q

what is the difference between the behavioral and cognitive models?

A

the behavioral model says we cannot study internal behavior; the cognitive model says we can!

35
Q

foundation of the trait approach

A

statistical analysis of empirical data from personality tests

36
Q

key ideas of the trait approach

A

individuals are unique

traits are consistent patterns of feelings, behaviors, and thoughts

37
Q

what are the traits of the five factor model?

A 
conscientiousness
agreeableness
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
38
Q

ranges studied in conscientiousness

A

organized/disorganized
careful/careless
disciplined/impulsive

39
Q

ranges studied in agreeableness

A

soft-hearted/ruthless
trusting/suspicious
helpful/uncooperative

40
Q

ranges studied in neuroticism

A

calm/anxious
secure/insecure
self-satisfied/self-pitying

41
Q

ranges studied in openness

A

imaginative/practical
preference for variety/routine
independent/conforming

42
Q

ranges studied in extraversion

A

sociable/retiring
fun-loving/sober
affectionate/reserved

43
Q

are there gender differences in personality?

A

YES

women are typically more agreeable than men

44
Q

what personality traits increase with age?

A

social dominance
conscientiousness
agreeability
emotional stability

45
Q

what personality traits decrease with age?

A

neuroticism

openness

46
Q

what traits do people in individualistic societies more identify with?

A 
adventure 
competition
individualism
modernity
uniqueness
wealth
47
Q

what traits do people in collectivist societies more identify with?

A 
collectivism
courtesy
family
nature
respect for elderly
social status
48
Q

what is a larger determinant of personality: genetic or environment?

A

ENVIRONMENT! (~60%)

genetics is ~40%

49
Q

components of environment

A

shared environment and unique environment

50
Q

examples of shared environment

A

family
race, ethnicity, and culture
neighborhood
school

51
Q

examples of unique environment

A

birth order
sibling interaction
parental interaction
peers

52
Q

is shared environment or unique environment more predictive of personality?

A

UNIQUE ENVIRONMENT!

PSYCH 111 (22 decks)

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