Development

Question 1

development

Answer 1

age-related change through maturity

Question 2

examples of physical development

Answer 2

brain
body
motor

Question 3

examples of social developement

Answer 3

temperament
attachment
self-control

Question 4

examples of cognitive development

Answer 4

language

senses

Question 5

stages before maturity

Answer 5

prenatal (conception to birth)
infancy (birth to 2 y.o.)
early childhood (2-6 y.o.)
middle childhood (6-12 y.o.)
adolescence (12-18 y.o.)

Question 6

stages of prenatal development

Answer 6

germinal (conception to implantation of zygote)
embryonic (implantation to 8 wks)
fetal (8 wks to birth)

Question 7

teratogens

Answer 7

toxic agents that can cause defects in an embryo or fetus

Question 8

what is the leading cause of mental retardation?

Answer 8

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 9

what is the leading GENETIC cause of mental retardation?

Answer 9

Down syndrome

Question 10

what are behaviors that infants are born with?

Answer 10

grasping 
rooting
sucking
Babinski 
Moro
stepping

Question 11

Babinski reflex

Answer 11

spreading of toes

Question 12

rooting flex

Answer 12

touching check causes baby to turn head

Question 13

Moro reflex

Answer 13

spreading of body when falling

Question 14

temperament

Answer 14

mood, activity, and emotional responsiveness

can predict antisocial behavior

Question 15

types of attachment

Answer 15

secure
ambivalent
avoidant
disorganized

Question 16

secure attachment

Answer 16

the infant is distressed when the mother leaves, and feels joy when she returns
foreshadows resilience, competence, healthy self-esteem, and good relations as an adult

Question 17

ambivalent attachment

Answer 17

the infant is very distressed when the mother leaves, and has mixed emotions when she returns

Question 18

avoidant attachment

Answer 18

the infant has little distress when the mother leaves, and little joy when she returns

Question 19

disorganized attachment

Answer 19

the infant is confused when the mother leaves and is confused when she returns

Question 20

what contributes to self-control?

Answer 20

delay of gratification

Question 21

Piaget’s theory

Answer 21

humans gradually develop knowledge structures because of biological maturation and action on their environment

Question 22

Piagetian conceptions

Answer 22

schemas
assimilation
accomidation

Question 23

schema

Answer 23

cognitive structure used to get a sense of the world

Question 24

assimilation

Answer 24

incorporation of the world into knowledge structures

Question 25

accomidation

Answer 25

modification of schemas when experiences do not fit one's current schemas

Question 26

Piaget's stages of cognitive development

Answer 26

sensorimotor period pre-operational period concrete operational period formal operational period

Question 27

sensorimotor period

Answer 27

coordination of sensory input and motor responses; development of object permanence birth to 2 y.o.

Question 28

pre-operational period

Answer 28

development of symbolic thought; irreversible and egocentric 2 to 7 y.o.

Question 29

concrete operational period

Answer 29

logic applied to concrete things mastery of conservation and hierarchal classification 7-11 y.o.

Question 30

formal operational period

Answer 30

logic applied to abstract things systematic hypothetical thinking 11 y.o-adulthood

Question 31

object permanence

Answer 31

recognition that objects exist independently of one's actions or awareness

Question 32

theory of mind

Answer 32

understanding that others have thoughts that differ from their own

Question 33

conservation

Answer 33

understanding that physical properties do not change when nothing is added or subtracted, even if the appearance changes

Question 34

Vygotsky's theory

Answer 34

cognitive development is internalization of interpersonal communication language is a mechanism of cognitive development

Question 35

concepts of Vygotsky's theory

Answer 35

zones of proximal development | scaffolding

Question 36

zone of proximal development

Answer 36

difference between what the learner can do with help versus without help

Question 37

scaffolding

Answer 37

the way that the teacher guides learning | includes focused questions

Question 38

adolescence

Answer 38

transitional period between childhood and adulthood

Question 39

the consequences of an immature prefrontal cortex in an adolescent

Answer 39

``` planning organizing prioritizing strategizing impulse control contextualizing ```

Question 40

who experiences their growth spurt faster: boys or girls?

Answer 40

girls

Question 41

issues of social emotional development

Answer 41

identity development social skills emotional intelligence

Question 42

identity statuses

Answer 42

``` identity achievement identity moratorium identity foreclosure identity diffusion key person: James Marcia ```

Question 43

identity achievement

Answer 43

successful achievement of a sense of identity

Question 44

identity moratorium

Answer 44

active struggling for a sense of identity

Question 45

identity foreclosure

Answer 45

unquestioning adoption of parental or societal values

Question 46

identity diffusion

Answer 46

absence of struggle for identity, with no obvious concern about it.