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PSYCH 111 > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

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1
Q

development

A

age-related change through maturity

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2
Q

examples of physical development

A

brain
body
motor

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3
Q

examples of social developement

A

temperament
attachment
self-control

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4
Q

examples of cognitive development

A

language

senses

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5
Q

stages before maturity

A 
prenatal (conception to birth)
infancy (birth to 2 y.o.)
early childhood (2-6 y.o.)
middle childhood (6-12 y.o.)
adolescence (12-18 y.o.)
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6
Q

stages of prenatal development

A

germinal (conception to implantation of zygote)
embryonic (implantation to 8 wks)
fetal (8 wks to birth)

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7
Q

teratogens

A

toxic agents that can cause defects in an embryo or fetus

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8
Q

what is the leading cause of mental retardation?

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

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9
Q

what is the leading GENETIC cause of mental retardation?

A

Down syndrome

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10
Q

what are behaviors that infants are born with?

A 
grasping 
rooting
sucking
Babinski 
Moro
stepping
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11
Q

Babinski reflex

A

spreading of toes

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12
Q

rooting flex

A

touching check causes baby to turn head

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13
Q

Moro reflex

A

spreading of body when falling

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14
Q

temperament

A

mood, activity, and emotional responsiveness

can predict antisocial behavior

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15
Q

types of attachment

A

secure
ambivalent
avoidant
disorganized

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16
Q

secure attachment

A

the infant is distressed when the mother leaves, and feels joy when she returns
foreshadows resilience, competence, healthy self-esteem, and good relations as an adult

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17
Q

ambivalent attachment

A

the infant is very distressed when the mother leaves, and has mixed emotions when she returns

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18
Q

avoidant attachment

A

the infant has little distress when the mother leaves, and little joy when she returns

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19
Q

disorganized attachment

A

the infant is confused when the mother leaves and is confused when she returns

20
Q

what contributes to self-control?

A

delay of gratification

21
Q

Piaget’s theory

A

humans gradually develop knowledge structures because of biological maturation and action on their environment

22
Q

Piagetian conceptions

A

schemas
assimilation
accomidation

23
Q

schema

A

cognitive structure used to get a sense of the world

24
Q

assimilation

A

incorporation of the world into knowledge structures

25
Q

accomidation

A

modification of schemas when experiences do not fit one’s current schemas

26
Q

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

A

sensorimotor period
pre-operational period
concrete operational period
formal operational period

27
Q

sensorimotor period

A

coordination of sensory input and motor responses; development of object permanence
birth to 2 y.o.

28
Q

pre-operational period

A

development of symbolic thought; irreversible and egocentric
2 to 7 y.o.

29
Q

concrete operational period

A

logic applied to concrete things
mastery of conservation and hierarchal classification
7-11 y.o.

30
Q

formal operational period

A

logic applied to abstract things
systematic hypothetical thinking
11 y.o-adulthood

31
Q

object permanence

A

recognition that objects exist independently of one’s actions or awareness

32
Q

theory of mind

A

understanding that others have thoughts that differ from their own

33
Q

conservation

A

understanding that physical properties do not change when nothing is added or subtracted, even if the appearance changes

34
Q

Vygotsky’s theory

A

cognitive development is internalization of interpersonal communication
language is a mechanism of cognitive development

35
Q

concepts of Vygotsky’s theory

A

zones of proximal development

scaffolding

36
Q

zone of proximal development

A

difference between what the learner can do with help versus without help

37
Q

scaffolding

A

the way that the teacher guides learning

includes focused questions

38
Q

adolescence

A

transitional period between childhood and adulthood

39
Q

the consequences of an immature prefrontal cortex in an adolescent

A 
planning
organizing
prioritizing
strategizing
impulse control
contextualizing
40
Q

who experiences their growth spurt faster: boys or girls?

A

girls

41
Q

issues of social emotional development

A

identity development
social skills
emotional intelligence

42
Q

identity statuses

A 
identity achievement 
identity moratorium
identity foreclosure
identity diffusion
key person: James Marcia
43
Q

identity achievement

A

successful achievement of a sense of identity

44
Q

identity moratorium

A

active struggling for a sense of identity

45
Q

identity foreclosure

A

unquestioning adoption of parental or societal values

46
Q

identity diffusion

A

absence of struggle for identity, with no obvious concern about it.

PSYCH 111 (22 decks)

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