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Psychological investigations Flashcards

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1
Q

Example of an alternate hypothesis? Alcohol and memory.

A

The amount of alcohol an individual consumes will significantly effect their memory capacity.

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2
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

This predicts the results and researcher obtains will be due to chance

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3
Q

Example of a null hypothesis?

A

The amount of alcohol an individual consumes will not significantly effect their memory capacity.

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4
Q

What is a one tailed hypothesis?

A

Predicts the direction of the correlation or difference.

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5
Q

One tailed hypothesis example?

A

The group consuming alcohol will score significantly lower on a memory recall test.

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6
Q

What is a two tailed hypothesis?

A

Predicts there will be a significant difference or correlation but doesn’t specify the direction.

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7
Q

Example of a two tailed hypothesis?

A

There will be a significant difference in the scores on a memory recall tests between participants who have consumed alcohol and participants who haven’t.

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8
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

A variable manipulated by the experimenter.

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9
Q

What is a dependent variable?

A

The outcome measured by the experimenter.

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10
Q

What is an extraneous/ confounding variable?

A

A variable that isn’t the IV which can affect the DV.

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11
Q

What are participant variables?

How are they controlled?

A

Variables that occur within the individual participant and can effect their performance. E.g. Concentration
Random allocation of participants

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12
Q

What are situational variables?

How are they controlled?

A

Variable which occur in the experimental environment which could change and effect results, for example the noise levels.
Standardised procedures

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13
Q

Operational definition of a variable?

A

To operationalise a variable you state specifically how you will measure and manipulate it.

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14
Q

What is an alternate hypothesis?

A

A prediction in the form of a testable statement.

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15
Q

What is a laboratory experiment?

A

Where the experimenter can manipulate the IV and there is strict control over extraneous variables.

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16
Q

Strength x2 and weakness x2 of a lab experiments?

A
  • high in reliability.
  • cause and effect can be established.
  • low in ecological validity.
  • cannot be generalised as its artificial
17
Q

What is a field experiment?

A

The IV can still be manipulated but in a natural environment.

18
Q

X2 strengths and x2 weaknesses of field experiments?

A
  • high in ecological validity
  • demand characteristics won’t occur
  • low in validity, lack of control
  • low in reliability, hard to replicate
19
Q

What is a quasi experiment?

A

The IV is manipulated by a natural occurrence and not the experimenter and only the DV is measured.

20
Q

x2 strengths and x2 weaknesses of quasi experiments?

A
  • some ecological validity as a natural occurrence is allowed
  • more generalisable
  • lacks control so low in validity
  • hard to replicate so low in reliability
21
Q

What is independent measures?

A

Different participants used for each condition.

22
Q

X2 strengths and weaknesses of independent measures?

A
  • order effects won’t occur
  • demand characteristics controlled
  • more participants needed
  • participant variables could occur
23
Q

What is the repeated measures design?

A

The same participants are used for all conditions.

24
Q

x2 strengths and weaknesses of repeated measures?

A
  • less participants needed
  • no participant variables
  • order effects could occur
  • demand characteristics could occur
25
Q

What is the matched pairs design?

A

Where different participants are used for each condition but matched on certain features.

26
Q

x2 strengths and weaknesses of matched pairs?

A
  • no participant variables
  • no order effects
  • more participants needed
  • matching participants is very hard and time consuming

psychology (23 decks)

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