Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC228 > PSYC228_Chap14 > Flashcards

PSYC228_Chap14 Flashcards

1
Q

middle aged adults are

A

often teh happiest
bec time of reflection on what they’ve achieved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

changes in mid-life are often in response to

A

significant life events
divorce + career transitions

changes in earlier decades often response to physical growth + maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most dramatic changes in adults take place in

A

adolescence + early adulthood

less change in 30s, + stability from middle to late adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

middle aged adults tend to stay the same

A

relative to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

but as a group, middle adults tend to become more

A

easy-going + agreeableness + conscientiousness cont to inc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

becoming an adult encourages people to become more

A

goal-directed, prosocial + emotionally stable

: maturity principle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in adulthood, conscientiousness + agreeableness inc and neuroticism

A

deces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

personality change happens when middle-aged adults

A

accommodate or chanage their schemas in response to major life events like illnesses, change in marital status, + major career transitions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

some people change a lot in mid-life others

A

change less and some not at all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

berkeley longitudinal study

A

3 studies
asked what makes mid aged adults diff from each other + do these diffs account for diffs in ways their personalities change in mid-life

factors: verbal ability, gender diffs, timing of life events (like completion of education or marriage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

accommodate

A

adjustment of schemas in response to new experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mills longitudinal study

A

helson
changes in women’s peresonalities
changed thruout 20s + became more stable in 30s
working in paid labour force + marital issues (marital tension + divorce) = differences in personality changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what was accociated with greater self-resported social well-being /sense of social value in mid-life?

A

higher levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

greater life satisfaction was associated with higher levels of

A

big 5 personality traits
= higher level of personality maturity

associated with greater inces in life satisfaction in adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

personality in mid-life is related to

A

physical health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

erikson challenged freud’s contention that

A

personality development was fixed at end of adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

erikson said that personal growth at midlife depends on how well an individ is able to resolve 7th psychosocial development:

A

generativity vs stagnation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

generativity vs stagnation

A

erikson’s 7th stage of psychosocial development

psychosocial crisis as urgency to find something meaningful to do with one’s talents, abilites, + resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

generativity

A

dedication + investment of self + personal resources in promotion of health of society + future generations

people set + strive to meet personal goals that benefit others, society, + future gens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

stagnation

A

remaining focused on day-to-day self-centered activities + interests; failure to shift one’s focus + investment to future + other oriented goals

little to no growth + dec in investment in antyhing beyond own immediate interests
remains focused on self + fulfillment of immediate concerns
focused on meeting own needs first + what they can get vs what they can give

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

relationships in midlife

A

change significantly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

launching phase

A

portion of family life cycle that begins when first child leaves home + continues until last child leaves

intersects usually with middle adulthood

vast majority of middle-aged adults have at least begun launching by midlife

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

empty nest syndrome

A

feelings of distress + depression in midlife as result of losing parental role as adult children become independent

often balanced by gains + losses
associated iwth inc marital satisfaction bec mroe time with spouse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

also proprtion of adult children living with midlife parents inc by 50% due to

A

increasingly common financial depedency of adult childrne on parents
boomerang kids - depends on economic power of young adults
associated with unemployment + rates of non-marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

1/2 of midlife parents are extremely happy with being parents, other 1/2…

A

feel relational ambivalence = mixed emotions toward adult children
20% of children have at least one physical/emotional problem
35% have 1+ lifestyle behavioural problem

mothers = greater ambivalence about lifestyle + behavioural problems
fathers = greater ambivalence about physical + emotional problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

relational ambivalence

A

simultaneous + + - feeligns about a relationship
mixed feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

childfree

A

never having birthed or parented a child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

mens wellbeing associated more with partnership status than

A

parenthood status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

voluntarily childfree middleaged adults have higher levels of wellbing than

A

those who are involuntarily childlesss

30
Q

what % of men + women wish to remain childfree

A

7-8%

31
Q

women who gave birth first in teens or early 20s reported

A

lower positive feelings + more negative feelings in midlife

32
Q

majority of middleaged adults’ common pursuit

A

launching children into adulthood

33
Q

what percent of middleaged adults have been continuously married since ealry 20s?

A

55%

many of them have been married for 30yrs or more

34
Q

marital biography

A

info about number, timing, + duration of marriages in person’s life

35
Q

gottman’s research

A

not all marital conflict = bad marital conflict

fight constructively or marriage will suffer
relationship repair + coming together aftre an argument

36
Q

midlife divorce rates have been

A

incing in past decades

12% of people betw 50-64yrs will sign divorce papers

37
Q

mean fighting

A

uses contempt + manipulaiton to control other person

38
Q

fair fighting

A

based on problem solving with respect to other person’s needs

39
Q

3 most common reasons for divorce in midlife

A

sexual issues (cheating, incompatibility, poor sexual performance, dec physical appearance, homosexuality, inability to have children)

abuse

diff points of view

40
Q

what is associated with long deliberations before divorce

A

emotional + psychological risk factors + abuse lack of marital effort/not being there for spouse+ substance use

41
Q

remarriage has a

A

stabilizing effect after divorce among adults over 40

42
Q

living apart together

A

when couples have intimate relationship but maintain separate residences

43
Q

sandwich generation

A

group of caregivers commonly betw ages 40-50, who simultaneously provide care for children + parents
dual caregiver roles

44
Q

caregiver

A

unpaid role that involves taking responsibility for someone with chronic illness or who is approaching the natural end of life

45
Q

kinkeeper

A

wihtin family
person responsible for organizing communications maintaining relationships among famliy memebres carrying out family tradtions + valuing family celebrations

46
Q

conflict betw adult siblings occurs in families in whihc one or both siblings hsa experienced negative life events

A

divorce
psychological problems
addiction
problems with the law
victimization of abuse
financial problems

47
Q

mroczek

A

does emotion change over lifespan?
does emotion cont to evolve thruout adulthood?

examined levels of emotional expression

adults report incly positive feelings with age + fewer negative feeligns, less stress + less neuroticism

paradox of well-being

48
Q

emotional expression

A

verbal or nonverbal behaviour that expresses emotion

49
Q

paradox of well-being

A

idea that even though aging process is characterized by significant physiological + cognitive dec, adults report feeling emotionally positive

remains in effect till mid-70s

50
Q

as adults age, they are more likely to recall images that evoke

A

positive emotions + less likely to remember images that provoke neg feelings

carstensen

51
Q

socio-emotional selectivity theory

A

carstensen
theory that people change their values as they get older, investing more socio-emotional energy in events that they perceiv as meaningful

why aging is associated with bias toward recall of positive stimuli
draws upon knowledge of cognitive development - processing speed, working memory, other attention + memory functions + takes into account changes in adults’ motivations - older people perceiving less time left in their lives - more motivated to invest in present

52
Q

labouvie-vief

A

cognitive + brain development research
suggests that older adults may be more likely to attend to positive rather than negative info bec negative info take smore effort + energy to process

53
Q

cacioppo says

A

positivity effect due to strucutural changes in brain

neural degeneration in limbic system’s amygdala - emotional + mental state

54
Q

gross

A

emotion regulation can be antecedent-focused or response focused

get better at both as we get older + become more selective + specific in strategies

55
Q

antecedent-focused emotion regulation

A

use of emotion regulation strategies before facing a stimulus

56
Q

response-focused emotion regulation

A

use of emotion regulation strategies, such as self-talk after facing a stimulus

57
Q

one reason why middle aged adults have better overall wellbing than younger adults

A

better emotion regulation

58
Q

hedonic well-being

A

emphasizes happiness + life satisfaction + absence of negative feeligns
well-being dec to low point in midlife
but for some it may go up with stress/worry going down

sense of feeling good about + satisfied with one’s life while experiencing an absence of neg emotions

59
Q

eudaimonic well-being

A

individs engagement in leading a productive life, associated with personal growth + fulfillment of one’s potential

conceptually related but distinct from hedonic well-being

fositive functioning of individs associated iwth engagement in meaningful goal pursuits
inversely associated with depression

60
Q

absence of well-being associated iwth what biological markers of poor health + physical stress

A

higher cortisol levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines, cardiovascular risk + shorter periods of rem sleep

61
Q

mid-life crisis

A

psychological experience of rocognizing that life is half over + making course corrections to romantic life, career, + living situation to make life more consistent with values + desires

levinson said its just a normative transition - taks of integration
integrating dominant + non-dominant parts of self

62
Q

facets of eudaimonic well-being

A

self-acceptance
pos relations with others
personal growth
purpose in life
environmental mastery
autonomy

63
Q

gender convergence

A

tendency for both males + females to become more similiar + identify with set cultural gender roles less and less as they age

64
Q

gender crossover

A

past gender convergence
tendency for each sex to adopt traits strongly associated with the opposite gender
shift in gender roles

65
Q

with age, women tend to inc in verbal fluency while men

A

continue to exhibit better visual-spatial proficiency

influence communication styles + create gender diffs

66
Q

mid-life transition about

A

balancing one’s character + gaining strength by integrating non-dominant parts of self

67
Q

on average, canadians will have how many careers + jobs?

A

3 careers + 8 jobs

68
Q

what proportion of the labour market is middle-aged workers?

A

1/3 (51-60)

69
Q

factors promoting later retirement

A

entry into labour market at younger age
additional training in midlife
dismissal or employment change before midlife

70
Q

factors promoting earlier retirement

A

entry into labour market at young age
transition to parenthood at earlier age
part-time work before 50
no pension
fewer dependent chlidren
low-challenge work
poor health

71
Q

bridge jobs

A

less demanding full or part time jobs taken up in midlife that ease transition to retirement

over 60% of middle aged workers

other 40% of retirees move back into labour force

72
Q

encore career

A

new career path developed in midlife that combines continued income, personal meaning + social impact

typically pay less + fewer benefits, but less stress + more flexibility, + highe rlevels of personal enjoyment

PSYC228 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions