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PSY 131 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Periodicity

A

the # of cycle of a pure (sine) tone that occur over a given length of time

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2
Q

Partial

A

a general term that can apply to any mode of vibration in a spectrum

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3
Q

Temporal envelope

A

the primary determinant in our classification of sound sources

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4
Q

… Why did the transposed version of the scale sound so unnatural?

A

the natural resonant frequency regions that were produced by the sound source were not preserved by the transpositional process

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5
Q

A distortion product is…

A

characterized by the introduction of frequency components in the output that were not present in the input

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6
Q

Human sensitivity to frequencies from about 1.5-7 kHz is due to…

A

the resonant frequencies of the outer and middle ear

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7
Q

the basilar membrane…

A

separates out via a “traveling” wave, the frequency components of a sound wave

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8
Q

the scala media is…

A

a canal filled with endolymph that extends along the cochlea

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9
Q

Frequency selectivity

A

the ability of the auditory system to resolve or separate out the different frequency components of a sound wave

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10
Q

Iso-level curve

A

Basilar membrane response as a function of the frequency of a pure tone for various levels of the tone

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11
Q

Tuning Curve

A

the level of a pure tone needed to produce the same basilar membrane response

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12
Q

Basalward shift

A

traveling wave must move toward the higher frequency region of the basilar membrane to compensate for the shift to lower-frequency excitation

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13
Q

Motility (outer hair cells)

A

outer hair cells expand and contract wen stimulated due to protein prestin

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14
Q

Compression (shallow response function

A

as loudness level increases, gain decreases

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15
Q

Frequency suppression

A

reduction in response to one frequency component wen another frequency component is added

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16
Q

distortion

A

frequency components that are not present in the input that are present in the output

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17
Q

Masking

A

the obscuring of one sound by another

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18
Q

Spectral-notch masking

A

can be used to estimate the shape and bandwidth of the internal auditory filter

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19
Q

The width of an ERB…

A

is proportional to its center frequency

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20
Q

The psychophysical tuning curve…

A

is a plot of the level of a masker needed to mask a signal as a function of the frequency of the masker and masker-signal time interval

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21
Q

An excitation pattern….

A

is a plot of the output of each auditory filter as a function of its center frequency

22
Q

A formant…

A

is an emphasized spectral region used to code vowel identification

23
Q

Loudness

A

loudness is the subjective magnitude of sound (0 to 120 dB SPL)

24
Q

Loudness sone

A

measure that related loudness to a fixed standard on a ratio scale; sound A is twice as loud as sound B if its sone value is twice that of sound B

25
Q

Loudness phon

A

hybrid measure that relates sensitivity of the auditory system to frequency and sound level on an interval scale

26
Q

Dynamic range….

A

is determined by the lower and upper limits of a person’s ability to process sounds effectively

27
Q

specific loudness

A

is a calculation of the output at each auditory filter. it reflect the compression of the basilar membrane

28
Q

magnitude estimation

A

assign a number to each sound according to its loudness

29
Q

magnitude production

A

subject adjusts the level of a test sound until it has a specified loudness

30
Q

Just noticeable difference

A

is the minimum level of an acoustical change at which subjects can hear a difference in the primary perceptual correlate

31
Q

Weber’s law

A

The property by which the small detectable increment in intensity is proportional to the baseline intensity

the increase in intensity required for you to notice a change

32
Q

Weber’s fraction

A

ratio of the smallest detectable change in physical quantity of the magnitude of that quantity

33
Q

Pitch

A

pitch is the aspect of auditory sensation by which sounds are ordered on the scale used for melody in music (30Hz and 5000 Hz)

34
Q

Rate place theory

A

basilar membrane in the cochlea conducts frequency analysis (different regions on basilar membrane respond to different frequencies)

35
Q

temporal theory

A

phase locking, time pattern of neural spikes is at a multiple integer of the period of the signal

36
Q

excitation pattern

A

a plot of the output of filters as a function of center frequency

37
Q

temporal resolution

A

speed at which we can process sound

38
Q

temporal integer mechanism

A

means by which neural activity is summed up over time

39
Q

temporal excitation pattern

A

description of how variation in level is represented in auditory stream

40
Q

pattern recognition model of pitch

A

utilizes a central processor up the auditory pathway that finds a “best fit” for the frequency information that is provided by resolved harmonics

41
Q

temporal model of pitch

A

utilizes the interaction of unresolved harmonics on the basilar membrane that produce a waveform that repeats at the fundamental frequency

42
Q

resolved harmonic

A

is a low numbered partial in a harmonic, complex tone

43
Q

unresolved harmonic

A

high numbered partial in a harmonic, complex tone

44
Q

missing fundamental

A

shows pitch is determined by the repetition rate of the waveform of a periodic complex tone

45
Q

neural synchrony

A

is a measure of how well spike patterns produced across the array of fibers conform to waveform periodicity and structure

46
Q

Outer ear

A

pinna, concha, external auditory canal, external auditory meatus, eardrum

protection, amplification, localization

47
Q

Middle ear

A

malleus, incus, stapes

impedance matching, selective oval window stimulation, pressure equalization

48
Q

inner ear

A

oval window, cochlea

filtering distribution, transduction

49
Q

inner ear scala(s)

A

scala vestibuli on top, scala media in the middle, scala tympani on bottom

50
Q

organ of corti

A

contains rows of hair cells and various supporting cells and nerve endings

51
Q

tectorial membrane

A

lies over organ of corti and connects to the stereocilia and its outer hair cells

flashcards (16 decks)

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