117 Final Flashcards

1
Q

retroactive interference

A

when new information interferes with old (for ex: distracting task)

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2
Q

proactive interference

A

old information interferes with new learning

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3
Q

Brown-Peterson

A

proved that STM lasts 15-20 seconds. measured with CCC and delay
after minute of delay, people would have difficulty remembering CCC

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4
Q

Wickens and Craik

A

used CCC with distracting task (3 numbers) showed the letters did not interfere with remembering numbers, proactive interference is eliminated

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5
Q

Chunking

A

capacity: 7 chunks +/- 2

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6
Q

Serial Position Curve

A

People remember first and last items best

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7
Q

Incidental vs Intentional learning

A

incidental= didn’t expect to learn
intentional= actively try to remember

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8
Q

Bousfield’s organization and recall

A

found the brain organizes in clusters in order to remember
recall in the clusters even if that wasn’t the order it was read

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9
Q

attack on atkinson & shiffrin

A

the more deeply you process something the better you will remember it

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10
Q

The paradigm of depth

A

we process things in levels of deepness: orthographic (how it looks) = shallow, phonemic (sound qualities) = deeper, semantic (meaning) = deepest

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11
Q

Doubts about depth

A

semantic is better remembered because it is deeper, it is deeper because it is better remembered (circular argument)

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12
Q

Technique vs Capacity

A

technique: imagine putting things across a room
capacity: 30-50

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13
Q

Dimandi

A

good with numbers, mental camera; slower at reading matrix diagonally (technique)

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14
Q

S

A

synesthesia, could read matrix forward, backward & diagonal equally as fast (capacity & technique)

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15
Q

SF

A

track runner, strings of digits. trained to remember 70 digits to remember as track times (technique)

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16
Q

E.

A

photographic memory: was able to superimpose dots she saw before delay (capacity)

17
Q

What memory IS

A

real, from the past, your own experience

18
Q

Adjusted ratio of clustering

A

observed clusters - expected clusters

19
Q

attempted measure of depth

A

elaboration

20
Q

elaboration vs. organization

A

organization: finding links with to-be-remembered items (connect to category)
elaboration: finding links with to-be-remembered items and material in memory (connect it to yourself)

21
Q

reduction coding (type of mnemonic)

A

removing information (ROYGBV)

22
Q

elaboration coding (mnemonic)

A

adding information to make it more memorable

23
Q

functional independence (of ST and LT)

A

damage to short term may not affect long term and vise versa

24
Q

HM

A

couldn’t create new episodic long term memories

25
Susan Bower
2 groups; both shown image of woman with brief description about her. one group shown a second (less positive) description and same image after 1 hour, one shown after 1 month. The one month group forgot the initial rating of her, but the 1 hour group did and therefore was able to refine their view on her. Study showed that episodic memory exists to update our impressions of a person based on new information provided.
26
Tulvings distinction of episodic and semantic
episodic is autonoetic (can mentally time travel back to it) semantic is noetic (can't go back to experience it, you just know it)