117 Final

Question 1

retroactive interference

Answer 1

when new information interferes with old (for ex: distracting task)

Question 2

proactive interference

Answer 2

old information interferes with new learning

Question 3

Brown-Peterson

Answer 3

proved that STM lasts 15-20 seconds. measured with CCC and delay
after minute of delay, people would have difficulty remembering CCC

Question 4

Wickens and Craik

Answer 4

used CCC with distracting task (3 numbers) showed the letters did not interfere with remembering numbers, proactive interference is eliminated

Question 5

Chunking

Answer 5

capacity: 7 chunks +/- 2

Question 6

Serial Position Curve

Answer 6

People remember first and last items best

Question 7

Incidental vs Intentional learning

Answer 7

incidental= didn’t expect to learn
intentional= actively try to remember

Question 8

Bousfield’s organization and recall

Answer 8

found the brain organizes in clusters in order to remember
recall in the clusters even if that wasn’t the order it was read

Question 9

attack on atkinson & shiffrin

Answer 9

the more deeply you process something the better you will remember it

Question 10

The paradigm of depth

Answer 10

we process things in levels of deepness: orthographic (how it looks) = shallow, phonemic (sound qualities) = deeper, semantic (meaning) = deepest

Question 11

Doubts about depth

Answer 11

semantic is better remembered because it is deeper, it is deeper because it is better remembered (circular argument)

Question 12

Technique vs Capacity

Answer 12

technique: imagine putting things across a room
capacity: 30-50

Question 13

Dimandi

Answer 13

good with numbers, mental camera; slower at reading matrix diagonally (technique)

Question 14

S

Answer 14

synesthesia, could read matrix forward, backward & diagonal equally as fast (capacity & technique)

Question 15

SF

Answer 15

track runner, strings of digits. trained to remember 70 digits to remember as track times (technique)

Question 16

E.

Answer 16

photographic memory: was able to superimpose dots she saw before delay (capacity)

Question 17

What memory IS

Answer 17

real, from the past, your own experience

Question 18

Adjusted ratio of clustering

Answer 18

observed clusters - expected clusters

Question 19

attempted measure of depth

Answer 19

elaboration

Question 20

elaboration vs. organization

Answer 20

organization: finding links with to-be-remembered items (connect to category)
elaboration: finding links with to-be-remembered items and material in memory (connect it to yourself)

Question 21

reduction coding (type of mnemonic)

Answer 21

removing information (ROYGBV)

Question 22

elaboration coding (mnemonic)

Answer 22

adding information to make it more memorable

Question 23

functional independence (of ST and LT)

Answer 23

damage to short term may not affect long term and vise versa

Question 24

HM

Answer 24

couldn’t create new episodic long term memories

Question 25

Susan Bower

Answer 25

2 groups; both shown image of woman with brief description about her. one group shown a second (less positive) description and same image after 1 hour, one shown after 1 month. The one month group forgot the initial rating of her, but the 1 hour group did and therefore was able to refine their view on her. Study showed that episodic memory exists to update our impressions of a person based on new information provided.

Question 26

Tulvings distinction of episodic and semantic

Answer 26

episodic is autonoetic (can mentally time travel back to it) semantic is noetic (can’t go back to experience it, you just know it)