117 Final Flashcards
retroactive interference
when new information interferes with old (for ex: distracting task)
proactive interference
old information interferes with new learning
Brown-Peterson
proved that STM lasts 15-20 seconds. measured with CCC and delay
after minute of delay, people would have difficulty remembering CCC
Wickens and Craik
used CCC with distracting task (3 numbers) showed the letters did not interfere with remembering numbers, proactive interference is eliminated
Chunking
capacity: 7 chunks +/- 2
Serial Position Curve
People remember first and last items best
Incidental vs Intentional learning
incidental= didn’t expect to learn
intentional= actively try to remember
Bousfield’s organization and recall
found the brain organizes in clusters in order to remember
recall in the clusters even if that wasn’t the order it was read
attack on atkinson & shiffrin
the more deeply you process something the better you will remember it
The paradigm of depth
we process things in levels of deepness: orthographic (how it looks) = shallow, phonemic (sound qualities) = deeper, semantic (meaning) = deepest
Doubts about depth
semantic is better remembered because it is deeper, it is deeper because it is better remembered (circular argument)
Technique vs Capacity
technique: imagine putting things across a room
capacity: 30-50
Dimandi
good with numbers, mental camera; slower at reading matrix diagonally (technique)
S
synesthesia, could read matrix forward, backward & diagonal equally as fast (capacity & technique)
SF
track runner, strings of digits. trained to remember 70 digits to remember as track times (technique)
E.
photographic memory: was able to superimpose dots she saw before delay (capacity)
What memory IS
real, from the past, your own experience
Adjusted ratio of clustering
observed clusters - expected clusters
attempted measure of depth
elaboration
elaboration vs. organization
organization: finding links with to-be-remembered items (connect to category)
elaboration: finding links with to-be-remembered items and material in memory (connect it to yourself)
reduction coding (type of mnemonic)
removing information (ROYGBV)
elaboration coding (mnemonic)
adding information to make it more memorable
functional independence (of ST and LT)
damage to short term may not affect long term and vise versa
HM
couldn’t create new episodic long term memories
Susan Bower
2 groups; both shown image of woman with brief description about her. one group shown a second (less positive) description and same image after 1 hour, one shown after 1 month. The one month group forgot the initial rating of her, but the 1 hour group did and therefore was able to refine their view on her. Study showed that episodic memory exists to update our impressions of a person based on new information provided.
Tulvings distinction of episodic and semantic
episodic is autonoetic (can mentally time travel back to it) semantic is noetic (can’t go back to experience it, you just know it)
