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VETM 320 > Proximal Intrinsic Forelimb Muscles > Flashcards

Proximal Intrinsic Forelimb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are extrinsic forelimb muscles?

A

those that link the trunk to the scapula/humerus

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2
Q

what are intrinsic forelimb muscles

A

those that originate in the forelimb

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3
Q

muscles that actuate the shoulder joint originate on the ____ and insert on the ____.

A

originate on the scapula

insert on the humerus (or more distal)

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4
Q

which action has more muscles associated with it in the proximal forelimb? why?

A

flexion

flexion is used to bring the leg backward on the ground –> working with whole body weight

extension is used to swing leg forward –> only working with weight of limb

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5
Q

what is the primary action of the deltoideus?

where are the origins and insertions?

A

flex shoulder

scapular part: O = spine of scapula; I: deltoid tuberosity

acromial part: O = acromian process; I = deltoid tuberosity

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6
Q

what is the primary action of the infraspinatus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flexion of shoulder

O = infraspinous fossa of scapula

I = greater tubercle of humerus

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7
Q

what is the primary action of the teres minor?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex shoulder

O = caudal border of scapula

I = teres minor tuberosity of humerus

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8
Q

what is the primary action of the supraspinatus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend shoulder

O = supraspinous fossa of scapula

I = greater and lesser tubercles of humerus

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9
Q

what is the primary action of the subscapularis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend shoulder

O = subscapular fossa of scapula

I = lesser tubercle of humerus

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10
Q

what is the primary action of the teres major?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex shoulder

O = caudal border of scapula

I = teres major tuberosity of humerus

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11
Q

what is the primary action of the coracobrachialis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex shoulder

O = coracoid process of scapula

I = lesser tubercle of humerus

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12
Q

what is the primary action of the triceps brachii?

where are the origins and insertions?

A

extend elbow

all insert onto olecranon

long head O = caudal edge of scapula

all other originate on humerus

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13
Q

what is the primary action of the tensor fascia antebrachii?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend elbow

O = latissimus dorsi

I = olecranon and antebrachial fascia

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14
Q

what is the primary action of the anconeus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend elbow

O = olecranon fossa

I = olecranon

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15
Q

what is the primary action of the biceps brachii?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex elbow and extend shoulder

O = supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I = radial tuberosity

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16
Q

what is the primary action of the brachialis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex elbow

O = brachial groove of humerus

I = radius

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17
Q

what do the deltoideus and supraspinatus work together to do?

A

abduct the shoulder joint

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18
Q

what is the rotator cuff made of?

A

SITS

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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19
Q

what is the function of the rotator cuff?

A

to provide stability while bearing weight

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20
Q

what is mm 3?

A

supraspinatus

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21
Q

what is mm 9?

A

subscapularis

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22
Q

what is mm 2?

A

teres major

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23
Q

what is mm 10?

A

coracobrachialis

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24
Q

what is mm 11?

A

tensor fascia antebrachii

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25
Q

what is mm 6?

A

long head of the triceps brahii

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26
Q

what is mm 6”?

A

medial head of the triceps brachii

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27
Q

what is mm 12?

A

biceps brachii

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28
Q

what is mm 2?

A

teres major

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29
Q

what is mm 4?

A

scapular head of the deltoideus

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30
Q

what is mm 4’?

A

acromial head of the deltoideus

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31
Q

what is mm 3?

A

supraspinatus

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32
Q

what is mm 6?

A

long head of the triceps brachii

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33
Q

what is mm 6’?

A

lateral head of the triceps brahii

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34
Q

which head of the triceps is unique to dogs?

A

accessory head of the triceps

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35
Q

what is mm 12?

A

lacertus fibrosus

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36
Q

what is mm 1?

A

teres minor

37
Q

what is mm 4?

A

anconeus

38
Q

what is lameness?

A

abnormal limb movements

39
Q

what type of motion do muscles produce at joints?

A

angular motion

40
Q

what are the fulcrums of the MSK?

A

joints

41
Q

what are the levers of the MSK?

A

bones

42
Q

what is torque?

A

the tendency of a force to cause an object to rotate around a certain axis

43
Q

what are the external forces acting on the MSK?

A

gravity, ground reaction forces, friction

44
Q

do muscle contractions always produce angular motion? why or why not?

A

no

they can resist external forces or brake to control the rotation at a joint

45
Q

what is the out-lever?

A

where the external force and torque are applied

46
Q

what is the in-lever?

A

where the internal (muscle) force and torque are applied

47
Q

what is a first class lever? what is an example of this in the body?

A

fulcrum with weight on either side (teeter totter)

cranial side of atlantooccipital joint

48
Q

what is a second class lever? what is an example of this in the body?

A

fulcrum on one side, external forces acting right beside it, and muscle forces acting beside the external forces (wheelbarrow)

distal limb joints

49
Q

what is a third class lever? what is an example of this in the body?

A

fulcrum on one side, internal force beside that, and external force beside internal force (holding barbell)

biceps in forelimb

50
Q

what is the most common lever class in the MSK system?

A

third class

51
Q

how do muscles resist torque?

A

increasing muscle force or increasing lever arm

52
Q

how do we define the flexor surface?

A

use the angle that is already less than 180 degrees based on neutral position of the two bones in the joint

53
Q

what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the shoulder?

A

F: caudal aspect

E: cranial aspect

54
Q

what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the elbow?

A

F: cranial aspect

E: caudal aspect

55
Q

what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the distal joints?

A

F: caudal

E: cranial

56
Q

what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the hip?

A

F: cranial

E: caudal

57
Q

what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the stifle?

A

F: caudal

E: cranial

58
Q

what are the flexor and extensor surfaces of the tarsus/hock?

A

F: cranial

E: caudal

59
Q

hyper ranges typically apply to the ___ surface

A

extensor

60
Q

label this image

A

A: brachialis

B: anconeus

C: lateral head of triceps brachii

D: long head of triceps brachii

E: supraspinatus

61
Q

label this image

A

A: medial head of triceps brachii

B: long head of triceps brachii

C: accessory head of triceps brachii

62
Q

label this image

A

A: biceps brachii

B: medial head of triceps brachii

C: teres major

63
Q

label this image

A

A: teres major

B: subscapularis

C: supraspinatus

D: coracobrachialis

E: tensor fascia antebrachii

F: long head of triceps brachii

G: medial head of triceps brachii

H: biceps brachii

64
Q

label this image

A

A: supraspinatus

b: infraspinatus

65
Q

label this image

A

A: teres minor

B: brachialis

66
Q

label this image

ignore G

A

A: lateral head of triceps brahii

B: brachialis

C: teres minor

D: long head of triceps brachii

E: anconeus

F: infraspinatus

H: deltoideus

I: biceps brachii

J: coracobrachialis

K: medial head of triceps brachii

L: lateral head of triceps brachii

M: subscapularis

67
Q

what is muscle A?

A

accessory head of the triceps brachii

68
Q

what is muscle A?

A

biceps brachii

69
Q

label this image

A

A: lateral head of triceps brachii

B: long head of triceps brachii

C: deltoideus

D: supraspinatus

E: teres major

70
Q

label this image

A

A: subscapularis

B: teres major

C: supraspinatus

71
Q

what is muscle A?

A

tensor fascia antebrachii

72
Q

what is muscle A?

A

coracobrachialis

73
Q

What are muscles A and B?

A

A: medial head of triceps brachii

B: biceps brachii

74
Q

what is muscle A?

A

deltoideus

75
Q

what is muscle A?

A

infraspinatus

76
Q

label this image

A

A: supraspinatus

B: deltoideus

77
Q

label mm A and B

which muscle is being held up by the glove?

A

A: infraspinatus

B: teres minor

glove: deltoideus

78
Q

what are muscles A and B?

A

A: subscapularis

B: teres major

79
Q

label muscles A and B

A

A: lateral head of the triceps brachii

B: long head of the triceps brachii

80
Q

label these muscles

A

A: tensor fascia antebrachii

B: medial head of the triceps brachii

81
Q

what structure is being pointed to?

A

accessory head of the triceps brachii

82
Q

what structure is being pointed to?

A

biceps brachii

83
Q

what structure is being pointed to?

A

brachialis

84
Q

label these muscles (include ones from extrinsic forelimb)

A

A: omotransversarius

B: brachiocephalicus

C: rhomboideus

D: serratus ventralis

E: subclavius

F: supraspinatus

G: deltoideus

H: long head of triceps brachii

I: lateral head of triceps brachii

J: tensor fascia antebrachii

85
Q

what is mm A?

A

cervical trapezius

86
Q

what is mm A?

A

thoracic trapezius

87
Q

what is mm A?

A

latissimus dorsi

88
Q

this is the ventral side of the horse. what muscle is it?

A

pectoralis profundus

89
Q

what is muscle A?

this is on the medial side of the horse. think extrinsic forelimb

A

superficial pectorals

VETM 320 (18 decks)

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