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VETM 320 > Histology - Integument > Flashcards

Histology - Integument Flashcards

1
Q

where are the nerves and blood vessels located in the integument (generally)? why?

A

in the inner layers

don’t want them punching through the skin to disrupt water proofing

don’t want foreign substances to get into blood

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2
Q

what are the 6 layers of the epidermis?

A
  1. stratum corneum
  2. stratum lucidum
  3. stratum granulosome
  4. stratum spinosum
  5. stratum basale
  6. basement membrane
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3
Q

what layer of the epidermis is this? how can you tell?

A

stratum spinosum

there are “spines” joining the cells (actually desmosomes)

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4
Q

label the parts of the epidermis

A

A: stratum corneum

B: statum lucidum

C: stratum granulosum

D: stratum spinosum

E: stratum basale

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5
Q

what layer of the epithelium is this? how can you tell?

A

stratum granulosum

filled with dark granules

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6
Q

what do the granules in the stratum granulosum do?

A

provide a mechanical barrier

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7
Q

what happens to the cells in the stratum granulosum as they move towards the outside of the body?

A

they become more squamous in shape because they are becoming dead

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8
Q

why does the stratum lucidum appear transluscent on slides?

A

the nuclei are lost

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9
Q

why doesn’t it hurt when skin cells slough off the body? what layer of the epidermis is this?

A

they are dead

stratum corneum

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10
Q

what are the functions of the stratum cornuem?

A

waterproofing and mechanical protection

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11
Q

what is an epidermal peg?

A

the epidermis extends into the dermis

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12
Q

what is a dermal papilla?

A

the dermis extends into the epidermis

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13
Q

what is the function of dermal papillae and epidermal pegs?

A

to provide more SA for attachment

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14
Q

label this image

A

A: epidermal peg

B: dermal papilla

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15
Q

what are the layers of the skin from outer to inner?

A

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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16
Q

what is the primary cell type of the epidermis?

A

keratinocyte

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17
Q

what are cytokeratins?

A

a family of fibrous proteins that polymerize as intermediate filaments

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18
Q

what do keratinocytes contain an abundance of?

A

cytokeratins

19
Q

what does cornification of the epidermis achieve?

A

makes a physical barrier

20
Q

how does the epidermis form the protective outer layer?

A

progressive proliferation and cornification

21
Q

what is cornification?

A

broad term signifying all processes involved in the formation of the horny layer of the epidermis, including the consolidation of the intracellular, lipid-rich “glue”

22
Q

what is keratinization?

A

series of programmed events whereby keratinocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis mature, polymerization of cytokeratin, and undergo apoptosis producing the stratum corneum

23
Q

what is apoptosis? where do you find this in the integument?

A

the death of cells in normal body function.

the epidermis

24
Q

what determines the thickness of the epidermis?

A

the rate of cell division in the stratum basale

25
Q

what are the accessory cells found in the epidermis?

A

melanocytes, Merkel cells, Langerhans cells

26
Q

what are melanocytes? where are they found?

A

pigment cells that contain melanosomes

stratum basale

27
Q

what are Merkel cells and where can you find them?

A

somatosensory end organs

stratum basale

28
Q

what are Langerhans cells and where can you find them?

A

monocyte-derived dentritic cells. they do immunosurveillance

stratum spinosum

29
Q

what is the dermis made out of?

A

dermal fibroblasts/fibrocytes

arector pili

axons

adipocytes

30
Q

what is the main cell type found in the dermis?

A

dermal fibroblasts/fibrocytes

31
Q

what is a myocyte?

A

the smallest unit of muscle tissue

32
Q

what is the function of arrector pili? what type of muscle are they made of?

A

to make hairs stand on end. smooth muscle

33
Q

what are adipocytes?

A

fat-storing cells

34
Q

what is the hypodermis made of?

A

adipocytes, skeletal muscle myocytes, fibrocytes

35
Q

what are appendages as they relate to the integument?

A

things that grow out of the epidermis + dermis

36
Q

what are the types of glands found in the integument?

A

sweat, sebaceous, anal, uropygial

37
Q

what is a hair follicle?

A

invagination of the epidermis that holds the hair bulb/root

38
Q

what shape are the cells in the stratum basale?

A

cuboidal

39
Q

what occurs in the stratum basale?

A

mitosis –> cell creation

40
Q

what are the granules in the stratum granulosum?

A

keratin

41
Q

what are the fibers in the dermis made of?

A

collagen

42
Q

glands are follicles are products of which layer of the integument?

A

epidermis

43
Q

how are the fibers laid down in the dermis?

A

in a matrix

44
Q

generally speaking, is the epidermis or dermis stronger?

A

dermis

VETM 320 (18 decks)

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