Distal Forelimb Muscles Flashcards
where are most of the flexors located?
caudal
where are most of the extensors located?
cranial
what is the geometry of most distal limb muscles?
spindle
what is the length like of the tendons in the distal limb?
long
what do the ligaments do in the distal limb?
keep tendons in place, prevent bowstringing of the tendons when muscles contract
are there many muscle bellies in the distal limb? why or why not?
no
closely packed space reduces the amount of mass the animal has to pick up
what action does supinator do?
supinates –> brings two paws facing each other
what action do the pronators do?
pronates –> brings 2 paws facing away from each other, outwards
what is the remnant of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
ulnaris lateralis
label this image
A: extensor carpi radialis
B: pronator teres
C: pronator quadratus
D: DDF, radial head
E: flexor carpi radialis
F: DDf, humeral head
G: SDF
H: flexor carpi ulnaris
I: DDF, ulnar head
J: ulnaris lateralis
K: Abductor digiti I longus or extensor carpi obliquous
L: lateral digital extensor
M: common digital extensor
label this image
A: pronator teres
B: supinator
C: pronator quadratus
label this image
A: flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar head
B: flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head
C: DDF, humeral head
D: DDF ulnar head
E: ulnaris lateralis
F: flexor carpi radialis
G: pronator quadratus
H: DDF, radial head
label this image
1: extensor carpi radialis
2: common digital extensor
3: lateral digital extensor
4: ulnaris lateralis
5: flexor carpi ulnaris
6: abductor digiti I longus/extensor carpi obliquous
7: extensor retinaculum
label A and B
A: ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris
B: humeral head of flexor carpi ulnaris
label this image
5: flexor carpi ulnaris
10: SDF
11: flexor carpi radialis
12: pronator teres
14: DDF
15: flexor retinaculum
1: extensor carpi radialis
true or false: horses are less tendinous in the distal forelimb than the dog
False
they are more tendinous than the dog
label the distal forelimb
5: extensor carpi radialis
6: common digital extensor
7: lateral digital extensor
9: ulnaris lateralis
12: interosseus
13: extensor branch of interosseus
label 8, 9 and 9’
8: extensor carpi radialis
9: humeral head of flexor carpi ulnaris
9’: ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris
what is the difference between the interossei in horses and dogs?
dogs: muscular
horses: tendinous
label this image
what animal does it come from?
horse
A: extensor carpi radialis
B: common digital extensor
C: lateral digital extensor
D: ulnaris lateralis
E: SDF
F: DDF
G: flexor carpi ulnaris
H: flexor carpi radialsi
true or false: bovine common digital extensor has 2 bellies
true
label mm 7, 9, 10, 11
7: ulnaris lateralis
9: lateral digital extensor
10: common digital extensor
11: extensor carpi radialis
label this image
what animal does it come from?
cow
1: radius
2: flexor carpi radialis
4: flexor carpi ulnaris
5: SDF
6: DDf
7: ulnaris lateralis
8: ulna
9: lateral digital extensor
10 and 10’: common digital extensor (2 heads)
11: extensor carpi radialis
what is the primary action of the extensor carpi radialis?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend wrist & flex elbow
O: lateral epicondyle (humerus)
I: MC II and III
what is the primary action of the common digital extensor?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend digits
O: lateral epicondyle (humerus)
I: digits II-V
what is the primary action of the lateral digital extensor?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend digits
O: lateral epicondyle (or near) (humerus)
I: digits III-V
what is the primary action of the ulnaris lateralis?
where is the origin and insertion?
flex wrist
O: lateral epicondyle (humerus)
I: accessory carpal bone & MC V
what is the primary action of the pronator teres?
where is the origin and insertion?
pronates paw
O: medial epicondyle (humerus)
I: medial surface of radius
what is the primary action of the supinator?
where is the origin and insertion?
supinates paw
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: radius
what is the primary action of the abductor digiti I longus?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend wrist & abduct 1st digit
O: cranial surface of forearm
I: MC I
what is the primary action of the pronator quadratus?
where is the origin and insertion?
pronate paw
O: distal ulna
I: distal radius
what is the primary action of the flexor carpi radialis?
where is the origin and insertion?
flex wrist
O: medial epicondyle (humerus)
I: proximal MC
what is the primary action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
where is the origin and insertion?
flex wrist
ulnar head: O = olecranon; I = accessory carpal bone
humeral head: O = medial epicondyle (humerus); I = accessory carpal bone
what is the primary action of the superficial digital flexor?
where is the origin and insertion?
flex digits and wrist
O: medial epicondyle (humerus)
I: palmar surface of middle phalanges
what is the primary action of the deep digital flexor?
where is the origin and insertion?
flex digits and wrist
O: humerus, radius, ulna (for humeral, radial, and ulnar heads)
I: distal phalanges
what is the primary action of the interosseus?
where is the origin and insertion?
part of suspensory apparatus - support fetlock
O: proximal end of MC II, III, IV, V
I: proximal sesamoid bones
label the muscle being pointed to
supinator
name the muscle being pointed to
pronator quadratus
label the muscle being pointed to
superficial digital flexor
label the muscle being pointed to
lateral digital extensor
label the muscle being pointed to
common digital extensor
label the muscle being pointed to
abductor digiti I longus
label the muscle being pointed to and muscle A
pointed: ulnaris lateralis
A: flexor carpi ulnaris
name the labelled muscles
A: flexor carpi ulnaris
B: SDF
C: DDF
label the muscle being pointed to
humeral heads of the DDF
label the muscle being pointed to
extensor carpi radialis
label the muscle being pointed to
flexor carpi radialis
label this image
A: extensor carpi radialis
B: common digital extensor
C: lateral digital extensor
D: ulnaris lateralis
E: SDF
F: flexor carpi ulnaris
G: flexor carpi radialis
H: DDF
label this image
A: extensor carpi radialis
B: common digital extensor
C: lateral digital extensor
D: ulnaris lateralis
E: SDF
F: DDF
G: flexor carpi ulnaris
H: flexor carpi radialis
