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VETM 320 > Distal Forelimb Muscles > Flashcards

Distal Forelimb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

where are most of the flexors located?

A

caudal

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2
Q

where are most of the extensors located?

A

cranial

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3
Q

what is the geometry of most distal limb muscles?

A

spindle

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4
Q

what is the length like of the tendons in the distal limb?

A

long

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5
Q

what do the ligaments do in the distal limb?

A

keep tendons in place, prevent bowstringing of the tendons when muscles contract

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6
Q

are there many muscle bellies in the distal limb? why or why not?

A

no

closely packed space reduces the amount of mass the animal has to pick up

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7
Q

what action does supinator do?

A

supinates –> brings two paws facing each other

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8
Q

what action do the pronators do?

A

pronates –> brings 2 paws facing away from each other, outwards

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9
Q

what is the remnant of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

ulnaris lateralis

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10
Q

label this image

A

A: extensor carpi radialis

B: pronator teres

C: pronator quadratus

D: DDF, radial head

E: flexor carpi radialis

F: DDf, humeral head

G: SDF

H: flexor carpi ulnaris

I: DDF, ulnar head

J: ulnaris lateralis

K: Abductor digiti I longus or extensor carpi obliquous

L: lateral digital extensor

M: common digital extensor

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11
Q

label this image

A

A: pronator teres

B: supinator

C: pronator quadratus

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12
Q

label this image

A

A: flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar head

B: flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head

C: DDF, humeral head

D: DDF ulnar head

E: ulnaris lateralis

F: flexor carpi radialis

G: pronator quadratus

H: DDF, radial head

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13
Q

label this image

A

1: extensor carpi radialis
2: common digital extensor
3: lateral digital extensor
4: ulnaris lateralis
5: flexor carpi ulnaris
6: abductor digiti I longus/extensor carpi obliquous
7: extensor retinaculum

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14
Q

label A and B

A

A: ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris

B: humeral head of flexor carpi ulnaris

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15
Q

label this image

A

5: flexor carpi ulnaris
10: SDF
11: flexor carpi radialis
12: pronator teres
14: DDF
15: flexor retinaculum
1: extensor carpi radialis

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16
Q

true or false: horses are less tendinous in the distal forelimb than the dog

A

False

they are more tendinous than the dog

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17
Q

label the distal forelimb

A

5: extensor carpi radialis
6: common digital extensor
7: lateral digital extensor
9: ulnaris lateralis
12: interosseus
13: extensor branch of interosseus

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18
Q

label 8, 9 and 9’

A

8: extensor carpi radialis
9: humeral head of flexor carpi ulnaris

9’: ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris

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19
Q

what is the difference between the interossei in horses and dogs?

A

dogs: muscular
horses: tendinous

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20
Q

label this image

what animal does it come from?

A

horse

A: extensor carpi radialis

B: common digital extensor

C: lateral digital extensor

D: ulnaris lateralis

E: SDF

F: DDF

G: flexor carpi ulnaris

H: flexor carpi radialsi

21
Q

true or false: bovine common digital extensor has 2 bellies

A

true

22
Q

label mm 7, 9, 10, 11

A

7: ulnaris lateralis
9: lateral digital extensor
10: common digital extensor
11: extensor carpi radialis

23
Q

label this image

what animal does it come from?

A

cow

1: radius
2: flexor carpi radialis
4: flexor carpi ulnaris
5: SDF
6: DDf
7: ulnaris lateralis
8: ulna
9: lateral digital extensor

10 and 10’: common digital extensor (2 heads)

11: extensor carpi radialis

24
Q

what is the primary action of the extensor carpi radialis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend wrist & flex elbow

O: lateral epicondyle (humerus)

I: MC II and III

25
Q

what is the primary action of the common digital extensor?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend digits

O: lateral epicondyle (humerus)

I: digits II-V

26
Q

what is the primary action of the lateral digital extensor?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend digits

O: lateral epicondyle (or near) (humerus)

I: digits III-V

27
Q

what is the primary action of the ulnaris lateralis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex wrist

O: lateral epicondyle (humerus)

I: accessory carpal bone & MC V

28
Q

what is the primary action of the pronator teres?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

pronates paw

O: medial epicondyle (humerus)

I: medial surface of radius

29
Q

what is the primary action of the supinator?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

supinates paw

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: radius

30
Q

what is the primary action of the abductor digiti I longus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend wrist & abduct 1st digit

O: cranial surface of forearm

I: MC I

31
Q

what is the primary action of the pronator quadratus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

pronate paw

O: distal ulna

I: distal radius

32
Q

what is the primary action of the flexor carpi radialis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex wrist

O: medial epicondyle (humerus)

I: proximal MC

33
Q

what is the primary action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex wrist

ulnar head: O = olecranon; I = accessory carpal bone

humeral head: O = medial epicondyle (humerus); I = accessory carpal bone

34
Q

what is the primary action of the superficial digital flexor?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex digits and wrist

O: medial epicondyle (humerus)

I: palmar surface of middle phalanges

35
Q

what is the primary action of the deep digital flexor?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex digits and wrist

O: humerus, radius, ulna (for humeral, radial, and ulnar heads)

I: distal phalanges

36
Q

what is the primary action of the interosseus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

part of suspensory apparatus - support fetlock

O: proximal end of MC II, III, IV, V

I: proximal sesamoid bones

37
Q

label the muscle being pointed to

A

supinator

38
Q

name the muscle being pointed to

A

pronator quadratus

39
Q

label the muscle being pointed to

A

superficial digital flexor

40
Q

label the muscle being pointed to

A

lateral digital extensor

41
Q

label the muscle being pointed to

A

common digital extensor

42
Q

label the muscle being pointed to

A

abductor digiti I longus

43
Q

label the muscle being pointed to and muscle A

A

pointed: ulnaris lateralis

A: flexor carpi ulnaris

44
Q

name the labelled muscles

A

A: flexor carpi ulnaris

B: SDF

C: DDF

45
Q

label the muscle being pointed to

A

humeral heads of the DDF

46
Q

label the muscle being pointed to

A

extensor carpi radialis

47
Q

label the muscle being pointed to

A

flexor carpi radialis

48
Q

label this image

A

A: extensor carpi radialis

B: common digital extensor

C: lateral digital extensor

D: ulnaris lateralis

E: SDF

F: flexor carpi ulnaris

G: flexor carpi radialis

H: DDF

49
Q

label this image

A

A: extensor carpi radialis

B: common digital extensor

C: lateral digital extensor

D: ulnaris lateralis

E: SDF

F: DDF

G: flexor carpi ulnaris

H: flexor carpi radialis

VETM 320 (18 decks)

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