Histology - Soft Connective Tissue Flashcards
which forces do soft connective tissue deal with?
tensile and compressive forces
what is soft connective tissue mainly made of?
collagen
what is tropocollagen?
3 collagen monomers wrapped around each other
what type of tissue is this?
what makes the dark/light lines in the individual fibers?
collagen
tropocollagen
what is Hyaluronic acid?
a main component of the extracellular matrix, found within aggrecan (proteoglycans)
what is aggrecan?
major proteoglycan in articular cartilage
what is this structure?
what is the advantage of the shape?
aggrecan
water is attracted to structure and difficult to get out
what forms the backbone of aggercan?
hyaluronic acid
what is the relationship between strenth and flexibility?
being flexible helps to share the weight, therfore making structure stronger
what is connective tissue mostly made of? why?
water
easily obtained, essentially incompressible
what makes up the extracellular matrix?
collagens and elastins, proteoglycans
what force does collagen and elastin in the ECM deal with?
tensile strength
what is the role of proteoglycans in the ECM?
retain water
in connective tissue, what is the %/vol ofr maintenance cells?
not many (few)
what type of connective tissue is this?
mesentary - loose connective tissue
what are the loose connective tissues in the body?
mesentary and synovium, adipose
what are mesentary/synovium used for?
holding things together
what are tendons and ligaments used for?
used for pulling on
what type of connective tissue is this?
tendon - dense regular connective tissue
what are tendons/ligaments encased by?
connective tissue envelopes:
epitenon, peritenon, endotenon
epiligament, periligament, endoligament
where is the epitenon/epiligament?
on the outside of the tendon/ligament
where is the peritenon/periligament?
on the outside of the fascicle (always on the first layer down from the epitenon)
where is the endotenon/endoligament?
around the fibrils (and below)
what is the function of the epiligament/epitenon?
what does this do?
to allow tendons/ligaments to slide against each other
load sharing, flexibility
which is thicker, epitenon or endotenon?
epitenon
what does dense irregular connective tissue do?
resist forces from lots of different directions
what are the dense regular connective tissues?
tendons, ligaments
what are the dense irregular connective tissues?
dermis, joint capsules
what type of connective tissue is this?
joint capsule - dense irregular connective tissue
what does hyaline cartilage do?
compression resistance
where is hyaline cartilage located?
joints, trachea, nose
what type of connective tissue is this?
hyaline cartilage
label this image
A: chondroblasts
B: chondrocytes
C: chondroblasts
D: pericondrium
what is a lacunus?
the space where condrocytes live
what is this image showing?
what is the arrow pointing to?
chondrocytes in lacunae in hyaline cartilage
arrow: lacunus
what is the leading edge of hyaline cartilage?
where the cell reproduction happens
what is a “stack of coins” in hyaline cartilage?
chondroblasts form this stack of cells while they inflate and become chondrocytes
which comes first, the lacunus or the chondrocyte?
chondrocyte
what is this image showing?
hyaline cartilage reproduction (stack of coins)
what is the organization/geometry of cartilage?
arcades (arches) next to each other with a band over top
which forces do the intervertebral discs, menisci, and heart skeleton deal with?
compressive and tensile strength
what type of cartilage is used in intervertrbral discs, menisci, and heart skeleton?
fibrocartilage
what type of connective tissue is this?
fibrocartilage
what forces does elastic cartilage deal with?
resistance and flexibility
where is elastic cartilage found on the body?
pinnae, epiglottis
what type of connective tissue is this?
elastic cartilage
what type of tissue is this?
elastic cartilage
what is in elastic cartilage to make it flexible?
elastin
what is adipose tissue used for?
storage of lipids and padding
what is white adipose tissue used for?
long-term fat storage
what is brown adipose tissue used for?
fat storage that is available for use right away –> heat production
what type of cell is this?
white adipocytes
what type of cell is this?
brown adipocytes
what makes brown adipose tissue more easily accessible?
instead of one big cell, there are lots of little cells = more SA to interact with surrounding tissues = more availability for usage
what does unilocular mean?
single locus for a lipid droplet in an adipocyte
what adipocyte is uniloculatr? which one is multilocular?
unilocular: white adipocytes
multilocular: brown adipocytes
what is brown adipose tissue rich in?
mitochondria
what is the difference in nuclei and lipid droplets in brown and white adipocytes?
brown: central nuclei, multiple peripheral lipid droplets
white: peripheral nuclei, one large lipid droplet
what happens when cartilage is compressed for a long time?
surface structures are compressed, but the inner layer is the same
what happens when you remove proteoglycans from connective tissue?
water flows out because there is less resistance, lose structure of tissue
what type of tissue is this?
what is the difference between A and B?
cartilage
A: has proteoglycans
B: missing proteoglycans
what is another name for hyaline cartilage?
articular cartilage
what is a chondron?
a cluster of chondrocytes (touching each other)
what is this wavy pattern known as ?
collagen crimp
