Proximal Hindlimb Muscles Flashcards
why are all the muscles of the hindlimb considered intrinsic?
there is a bony link from the axial skeleton to the girdle, compared with the forelimb, in which the extrinsic muscles didn’t have a bony link to the girdle
what 3 muscles are known as the hamstrings?
biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
what is the popliteal fossa?
a diamond-shaped area right behind stifle where there is no muscle
what muscles define the popliteal fossa?
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius
label this image
A: tensor fascia lata
B: fascia lata
C: crural fascia
D: caudal crural abductor
E: biceps femoris
F: semitendinosus
G: semimembranosus
H: sartorius
label this image
A: semitendinosus
B: semimembranosus
C: gracilis
D: Adductor
E: pectineus
what are the 4 heads of the quadriceps femoris?
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis
rectus femoris
label this image
A: sartorius
B: rectus fermoris
C: vastus lateralis
D: semitendinosus
E: semimembranosus
F: caudal crural abductor
label this image
1: rectus femoris
2: cranial sartorius
3: caudal sartorius
4: vastus medialis
6: pectineus
7: Adductor
8: gracilis
9: semimembranosus
10: semitendinosus
11: caudal crural abductor
13: biceps femoris
15: vastus intermedius
16: vastus lateralis
label this image
A: middle gluteal
B: superficial gluteal
label this image
A: deep gluteal
B: piriformis
C: middle gluteal
D: gemelli
E: tendon of internal obturator
F: quadratus femoris
G: adductor
H: sartorius
I: rectus femoris
label this image
A: gemelli
B: internal obturator
C: deep gluteal
D: tendon of internal obturator
label this image
A: external obturator
B: quadratus femoris
label this image
A: medial collateral ligament
B: femoropatellar ligament
C: lateral collateral ligament
D: patellar ligament to quadriceps ligament
label this image
A: meniscofemoral ligament
B: caudal cruciate ligament
label this image
15: caudal cruciate ligament
16: cranial cruciate ligament
how are the cranial/caudal cruciate ligaments named?
explain how they both run and how they attach
for the direction they run from femur to tibia
cranial: runs cranially from femur to tibia, attaches to tibia cranially
caudal: runs caudally from femur to tibia, attaches to tibia caudally
what gives the rounded appearance to the croup of a horse?
the fact that there are vertebral attachments of the caudal thigh muscles
do cows have a vertebral attachment of the caudal thigh muscles?
no
label this image
2: deep gluteal facsia
3: tensor fascia lata
3’: fascia lata
4: middle gluteal
5: biceps femoris
6: semitendinosus
7: semimembranosus
label this image
8: sartorius
10: rectus femoris
11: vastus medialis
14: gracilis
15: adductor
16: semitendinosus
17: semimembranosus
how many heads does the horse patellar ligament split into?
3
label this image
1: adductor
2: vastus medialis
3: rectus femoris
4: vastus lateralis
5: patella
6: patellar fibrocartilage
7: medial patellar ligament
8: intermediate patellar ligament
9: lateral patellar ligament
how do the femoral condyles of the horse compare?
the medial condyle is much larger for the lateral condyle
label this image
what is 4 + A called?
1: tensor fascia lata
2: gluteus medius
4: superficial gluteal
A: biceps femoris
5: semimembranosus
6: semitendinosus
4 + A = gluteobiceps
What is the primary action of the internal obturator?
where is the origin and insertion?
rotate limb laterally
O: pelvic floor around obturator foramen
I: trochanteric fossa (femur)
What is the primary action of the gemelli?
where is the origin and insertion?
rotate limb laterally
O: spine of ischium
I: trochanteric fossa (femur)
What is the primary action of the quadratus femoris?
where is the origin and insertion?
rotate limb laterally
O: ventral ischium
I: near trochanteric fossa
What is the primary action of the external obturator?
where is the origin and insertion?
rotate limb laterally
O: ventral pelvis
I: trochanteric fossa (femur)
What is the primary action of the superficial gluteal?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend hip, abduct limb
O: sacrum, Ca1, sacrotuberous ligament
I: femur
What is the primary action of the middle gluteal
where is the origin and insertion?
extend hip, abduct limb, rotate pelvic limb medially
O: wing of ilium
I: greater trochanter
What is the primary action of the deep gluteal?
where is the origin and insertion?
abduct limb, extend hip, rotate pelvic limb medially
O: body of ischium
I: greater trochanter
What is the primary action of the caudal crual abductor?
where is the origin and insertion?
abduct limb
O: sacrotuberous ligament (on pelvis)
I: lateral crural fascia
What is the primary action of the tensor fascia lata?
where is the origin and insertion?
flex hip, extend stifle
O: tuber coxae
I: fascia lata
What is the primary action of the biceps femoris?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend hip, stifle, and tarsus, flex stifle
O: ischiatic tuber and sacrotuberous ligament (pelvis)
I: patella, tibia, and calcaneus (fascia lata)
What is the primary action of the semitendinosus?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend hip and tarsus, flex stifle
O: ischiatic tuberosity
I: tibial credit, calcaneus
What is the primary action of the semimembranosus?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend hip and stifle, flex stifle
O: ischiatic tuber
I: medial femur and tibia
What is the primary action of the piriformis?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend hip, abduct limb, rotate pelvic limb medially (like middle gluteal)
O: sacrum (and Ca vert. in horses)
I: greater trochanter
What is the primary action of the sartorius?
where is the origin and insertion?
flex hip, extend stifle, abduct thigh
O: ilium
I: medial side of stifle
What is the primary action of the gracilis?
where is the origin and insertion?
adduct limb, flex stifle, extend hip and hock
O: pelvic symphysis
I: medial stifle and calcaneus
What is the primary action of the pectineus?
where is the origin and insertion?
adduct limb
O: pubic bone and prepubic tendon
I: medial femur
What is the primary action of the adductor?
where is the origin and insertion?
adduct limb
O: ventral pelvis
I: medial femur and stifle
What is the primary action of the rectus femoris?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend stifle and flex hip
O: ilium
I: tibial tuberosity
What is the primary action of the vastus lateralis?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend stifle
O: proximal femur
I: tibial tuberosity
What is the primary action of the vastus medialis?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend stifle
O: proximal femur
I: tibial tuberosity
What is the primary action of the vastus intermedius?
where is the origin and insertion?
extend stifle
O: proximal femur
I: tibial tuberosity
label this image
A: tensor fascia lata
B: fascia lata
C: biceps femoris
D: semitendinosus
E: superficial gluteal
F: medial gluteal
G: sartorius
what muscle is this?
pectineus
label this image
A: gracilis
B: adductor
C: caudal head of sartorius
D: cranial head of sartorius
label this image
A: middle gluteal
B: superficial gluteal
C: biceps femoris
D: deep gluteal
what is muscle A?
caudal crural abductor
what is muscle A?
piriformis
what is muscle A?
deep gluteal
what is muscle A?
deep gluteal
what are muscles A and B?
A: middle gluteal
B: superficial gluteal
what are mm A and B?
A: vastus lateralis
B: biceps femoris
label these muscles
together, what do they make up?
A: vastus medialis
B: rectus femoris
C: vastus intermedius
D: vastus lateralis
quadriceps femoris
what structure is being pointed to here?
sacrotuberous ligament
what are the two structures that are being held by the glove?
the two heads of the sartorius
what muscle is being pointed to?
gracilis
label this image
A: gracilis
B: semimembranosus
C: semitendinosus
D: adductor
E: pectineus
F: rectus femoris
G: vastus medialis
what muscle is being pointed to with the metal instrument?
biceps femoris
