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VETM 320 > Proximal Hindlimb Muscles > Flashcards

Proximal Hindlimb Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

why are all the muscles of the hindlimb considered intrinsic?

A

there is a bony link from the axial skeleton to the girdle, compared with the forelimb, in which the extrinsic muscles didn’t have a bony link to the girdle

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2
Q

what 3 muscles are known as the hamstrings?

A

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

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3
Q

what is the popliteal fossa?

A

a diamond-shaped area right behind stifle where there is no muscle

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4
Q

what muscles define the popliteal fossa?

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius

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5
Q

label this image

A

A: tensor fascia lata

B: fascia lata

C: crural fascia

D: caudal crural abductor

E: biceps femoris

F: semitendinosus

G: semimembranosus

H: sartorius

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6
Q

label this image

A

A: semitendinosus

B: semimembranosus

C: gracilis

D: Adductor

E: pectineus

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7
Q

what are the 4 heads of the quadriceps femoris?

A

vastus medialis

vastus intermedius

vastus lateralis

rectus femoris

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8
Q

label this image

A

A: sartorius

B: rectus fermoris

C: vastus lateralis

D: semitendinosus

E: semimembranosus

F: caudal crural abductor

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9
Q

label this image

A

1: rectus femoris
2: cranial sartorius
3: caudal sartorius
4: vastus medialis
6: pectineus
7: Adductor
8: gracilis
9: semimembranosus
10: semitendinosus
11: caudal crural abductor
13: biceps femoris
15: vastus intermedius
16: vastus lateralis

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10
Q

label this image

A

A: middle gluteal

B: superficial gluteal

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11
Q

label this image

A

A: deep gluteal

B: piriformis

C: middle gluteal

D: gemelli

E: tendon of internal obturator

F: quadratus femoris

G: adductor

H: sartorius

I: rectus femoris

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12
Q

label this image

A

A: gemelli

B: internal obturator

C: deep gluteal

D: tendon of internal obturator

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13
Q

label this image

A

A: external obturator

B: quadratus femoris

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14
Q

label this image

A

A: medial collateral ligament

B: femoropatellar ligament

C: lateral collateral ligament

D: patellar ligament to quadriceps ligament

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15
Q

label this image

A

A: meniscofemoral ligament

B: caudal cruciate ligament

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16
Q

label this image

A

15: caudal cruciate ligament
16: cranial cruciate ligament

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17
Q

how are the cranial/caudal cruciate ligaments named?

explain how they both run and how they attach

A

for the direction they run from femur to tibia

cranial: runs cranially from femur to tibia, attaches to tibia cranially
caudal: runs caudally from femur to tibia, attaches to tibia caudally

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18
Q

what gives the rounded appearance to the croup of a horse?

A

the fact that there are vertebral attachments of the caudal thigh muscles

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19
Q

do cows have a vertebral attachment of the caudal thigh muscles?

A

no

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20
Q

label this image

A

2: deep gluteal facsia
3: tensor fascia lata

3’: fascia lata

4: middle gluteal
5: biceps femoris
6: semitendinosus
7: semimembranosus

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21
Q

label this image

A

8: sartorius
10: rectus femoris
11: vastus medialis
14: gracilis
15: adductor
16: semitendinosus
17: semimembranosus

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22
Q

how many heads does the horse patellar ligament split into?

A

3

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23
Q

label this image

A

1: adductor
2: vastus medialis
3: rectus femoris
4: vastus lateralis
5: patella
6: patellar fibrocartilage
7: medial patellar ligament
8: intermediate patellar ligament
9: lateral patellar ligament

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24
Q

how do the femoral condyles of the horse compare?

A

the medial condyle is much larger for the lateral condyle

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25
Q

label this image

what is 4 + A called?

A

1: tensor fascia lata
2: gluteus medius
4: superficial gluteal

A: biceps femoris

5: semimembranosus
6: semitendinosus

4 + A = gluteobiceps

26
Q

What is the primary action of the internal obturator?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

rotate limb laterally

O: pelvic floor around obturator foramen

I: trochanteric fossa (femur)

27
Q

What is the primary action of the gemelli?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

rotate limb laterally

O: spine of ischium

I: trochanteric fossa (femur)

28
Q

What is the primary action of the quadratus femoris?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

rotate limb laterally

O: ventral ischium

I: near trochanteric fossa

29
Q

What is the primary action of the external obturator?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

rotate limb laterally

O: ventral pelvis

I: trochanteric fossa (femur)

30
Q

What is the primary action of the superficial gluteal?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend hip, abduct limb

O: sacrum, Ca1, sacrotuberous ligament

I: femur

31
Q

What is the primary action of the middle gluteal

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend hip, abduct limb, rotate pelvic limb medially

O: wing of ilium

I: greater trochanter

32
Q

What is the primary action of the deep gluteal?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

abduct limb, extend hip, rotate pelvic limb medially

O: body of ischium

I: greater trochanter

33
Q

What is the primary action of the caudal crual abductor?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

abduct limb

O: sacrotuberous ligament (on pelvis)

I: lateral crural fascia

34
Q

What is the primary action of the tensor fascia lata?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex hip, extend stifle

O: tuber coxae

I: fascia lata

35
Q

What is the primary action of the biceps femoris?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend hip, stifle, and tarsus, flex stifle

O: ischiatic tuber and sacrotuberous ligament (pelvis)

I: patella, tibia, and calcaneus (fascia lata)

36
Q

What is the primary action of the semitendinosus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend hip and tarsus, flex stifle

O: ischiatic tuberosity

I: tibial credit, calcaneus

37
Q

What is the primary action of the semimembranosus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend hip and stifle, flex stifle

O: ischiatic tuber

I: medial femur and tibia

38
Q

What is the primary action of the piriformis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend hip, abduct limb, rotate pelvic limb medially (like middle gluteal)

O: sacrum (and Ca vert. in horses)

I: greater trochanter

39
Q

What is the primary action of the sartorius?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

flex hip, extend stifle, abduct thigh

O: ilium

I: medial side of stifle

40
Q

What is the primary action of the gracilis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

adduct limb, flex stifle, extend hip and hock

O: pelvic symphysis

I: medial stifle and calcaneus

41
Q

What is the primary action of the pectineus?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

adduct limb

O: pubic bone and prepubic tendon

I: medial femur

42
Q

What is the primary action of the adductor?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

adduct limb

O: ventral pelvis

I: medial femur and stifle

43
Q

What is the primary action of the rectus femoris?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend stifle and flex hip

O: ilium

I: tibial tuberosity

44
Q

What is the primary action of the vastus lateralis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend stifle

O: proximal femur

I: tibial tuberosity

45
Q

What is the primary action of the vastus medialis?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend stifle

O: proximal femur

I: tibial tuberosity

46
Q

What is the primary action of the vastus intermedius?

where is the origin and insertion?

A

extend stifle

O: proximal femur

I: tibial tuberosity

47
Q

label this image

A

A: tensor fascia lata

B: fascia lata

C: biceps femoris

D: semitendinosus

E: superficial gluteal

F: medial gluteal

G: sartorius

48
Q

what muscle is this?

A

pectineus

49
Q

label this image

A

A: gracilis

B: adductor

C: caudal head of sartorius

D: cranial head of sartorius

50
Q

label this image

A

A: middle gluteal

B: superficial gluteal

C: biceps femoris

D: deep gluteal

51
Q

what is muscle A?

A

caudal crural abductor

52
Q

what is muscle A?

A

piriformis

53
Q

what is muscle A?

A

deep gluteal

54
Q

what is muscle A?

A

deep gluteal

55
Q

what are muscles A and B?

A

A: middle gluteal

B: superficial gluteal

56
Q

what are mm A and B?

A

A: vastus lateralis

B: biceps femoris

57
Q

label these muscles

together, what do they make up?

A

A: vastus medialis

B: rectus femoris

C: vastus intermedius

D: vastus lateralis

quadriceps femoris

58
Q

what structure is being pointed to here?

A

sacrotuberous ligament

59
Q

what are the two structures that are being held by the glove?

A

the two heads of the sartorius

60
Q

what muscle is being pointed to?

A

gracilis

61
Q

label this image

A

A: gracilis

B: semimembranosus

C: semitendinosus

D: adductor

E: pectineus

F: rectus femoris

G: vastus medialis

62
Q

what muscle is being pointed to with the metal instrument?

A

biceps femoris

VETM 320 (18 decks)

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