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VETM 320 > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

1
Q

are antlers part of the integument? why or why not?

A

no

they’re made of bone

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2
Q

areas focused on a lot of wear tend to be ____

(thicker/thinner/same as rest of body)

A

thicker

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3
Q

what are the functions of the integument?

A

encloses body

protection

thermoregulation

hydration

sensory organ

communication

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4
Q

what is the main protein found in the epidermis?

A

keratin

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5
Q

is the epidermis stronger or weaker than the dermis?

A

weaker

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6
Q

what are the functions of the epidermis?

A

resistant to friction

inhibits diffusion

sustains homeostasis

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7
Q

what is the main protein found in the dermis?

A

collagen

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8
Q

what helps the dermis move and fold?

A

elastic fibers

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9
Q

what part of the integument is innervated and vascular?

A

dermis

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10
Q

can the dermis maintain homeostasis?

A

no

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11
Q

is the subcutis part of the integument? what are the other names for this region?

A

no

hypodermis or superficial fascia

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12
Q

what does the subcutis do?

A

allows dermis to move/slide over underlying tissues

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13
Q

what are the 3 types of hair?

A

tactile, guard hair, wool hair

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14
Q

what is tactile hair used for?

A

sensation

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15
Q

what is the difference between wool hair and guard hair?

A

guard hair is on top, straight, stiff, longer

wool hair is underneath guard hair, fine, wavy, short, densely packed

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16
Q

where are hair follicles in the integument?

A

products of the epidermis, but sometimes reach into dermis or subcutis

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17
Q

what is a follicle?

A

group of cells that have lined up in a column/pit

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18
Q

what is hair?

A

keratinized cells fused together to form a long, linear structure

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19
Q

what kind of follicles make guard hair?

A

primary follicles

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20
Q

what type of hair is associated with skin glands? what skin glands are they?

A

guard hair, sebaceous glands

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21
Q

what type of hair do the errector pili muscles attach to?

A

guard hair/primary hair follicles

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22
Q

what do errector pili muscles do?

A

make hair stand on end

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23
Q

what type of hair sheds? which type of hair doesn’t shed?

A

shed: guard hair

no shed: wool hair

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24
Q

what type of follicle produces wool hair?

A

secondary follicles

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25
Q

where do the follicles of tactile hair reside?

A

subcutis

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26
Q

what type of hair has a blood sinus at the base of it? why is it there?

A

tactile hair

when hair is disturbed, there’s a fluid wave that enhances the sense of motion –> stimulates nerves associated with it

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27
Q

how are the layers of the integument organized in foot pads?

A

epidermis is densely cornified

subcutis is thick

dermis is same thickness as other parts of body, but thrown up into dermal papillae

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28
Q

label this photo of a claw

A

4: nail layer
5: sole
6: bulb

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29
Q

what is the bulb of the distal phalanx?

A

fleshy part of the claw

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30
Q

label this image of a horse hoof

A

2: hoof wall

2’: heel

2”: bar

3: sole

4’: frog

4”: bulb of heel

5: white line

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31
Q

what layer of integument is nail/hoof wall derived from?

A

piece of dermis

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32
Q

what is the periople made of?

A

keratinized material

33
Q

where is the periople derived from?

A

epidermis

34
Q

where is the pigmentation found in a horse hoof?

A

external coronary segment

35
Q

how does the dermis give rise to nail/hoof?

A

dermal papillae form tubular horn

between each tubular structure is intertubular space, which makes intertubular horn

36
Q

what is the function of intertubular horn?

A

binds tubular horn structures together

37
Q

label this image

A

A: periople

B: external coronary segment

C: middlle coronary segment

D: inner coronary segment

E: crest horn

F: terminal horn

G: white line

H: coronary band of dermis

I: dermal papillae that produce tubular horn

J: laminar dermis

K: sole papillae

L: sole horn

M: terminal horn

38
Q

how does the texture of the periople change over time?

A

begins as a rubbery material

as it dries, forms a shiny layer on surface of hoof

39
Q

what is the difference between laminar dermis and coronary dermis in a hoof?\

A

laminar dermis produces lamellae

coronary dermis produces papillae

40
Q

does the laminar dermis produce more/less/the same amount of horn material than/as the coronary dermis?

A

less

41
Q

what is the terminal horn of a hoof?

A

the area where the finger-like projections are changing from lamellae back to papillae

42
Q

what is the material produced by the terminal horn like compared with other parts of the dermis?

A

not the same quality, softer and whiter –> produces the white line

43
Q

what is coronary cushion in a hoof?

A

subcutis tissue

44
Q

where is coronary cushion located on a hoof?

A

near bulb of foot, proximally on hoof

disappears as you go distally towards the coffin

45
Q

what is structure A?

A

coronary cushion

46
Q

what are the differences between a horse hoof and a ruminant hoof?

A

ruminant: coronary band is longer, laminar dermis is shorter, no middle coronary segment, sole much shorter, periople longer

47
Q

label this image

A

A: coronary band

B: laminar dermis/lamellae

48
Q

are horns present in both sexes? what about antlers?

A

horns: both sexes
antlers: only males (caribou the exception)

49
Q

what is a polled animal?

A

born naturally without horns in a species that is supposed to have horns

ex. domestic cows

50
Q

what are antlers?

A

projections grown out of the frontal bone

51
Q

are horns shed?

A

no

52
Q

are antlers shed?

A

yes

53
Q

label this image of a horn

A

1: frontal sinus
2: cornual surface of frontal bone
3: dermis + epidermis combined
4: horn tubules separated by intertubule horn
5: tubular horn
6: dermal papillae
7: hair follicles

54
Q

on domestic birds, what is the dermis and epidermis like in integument projections (like the comb)?

A

epidermis: thin
dermis: thick and vascular

55
Q

is the beak of a bird part of the integument? why or why not?

A

yes, it’s a hard horny cover

produced by the tissues that cover the lower and upper jaw

56
Q

what covers the legs of birds?

A

scales

57
Q

what are the skin glands present in birds?

A

uropygial, aural, and vent

58
Q

what is the uropygial gland?

A

preening gland in birds –> water proofing and oiling feathers

59
Q

what is the skin of birds like?

A

thin, loose, tears easily, poorly supplied with nerves and blood vessels

60
Q

what are pterylae?

A

tracks of feathers

61
Q

what are apterylae?

A

places on birds that are naturally featherless

62
Q

what is pterylosis?

A

placement of feathers on a bird

63
Q

feathers are modified ___

A

scales

64
Q

which side of the feather is the outer vane? what about the inner vane?

A

outer vane = smaller side

inner vane = bigger side

65
Q

what are contour feathers?

A

feathers on the outside of the bird, used for flight, waterproofing, shape, etc

66
Q

what are downy feathers?

A

on inside layer of bird, used for insulation

67
Q

what are structures A and B?

A

A: shaft

B: vanes

68
Q

what is the geometry of a downy feather like?

A

no shaft or vanes, whispy barbules

69
Q

how to contour feathers maintain thier shape?

A

barbs and barbules link together to keep a coherant shape

preening brings back separated barbs/barbules

70
Q

what shape are the cells in the stratum basale?

A

cuboidal

71
Q

what occurs in the stratum basale?

A

mitosis

72
Q

what are Merkel cells used for?

A

somatosensory

73
Q

what are Langerhans cells used for?

A

immune system

74
Q

what are the granules in the cells of the stratum granulosume?

A

keratin

75
Q

what is the geometry of the dermis?

A

collagen fiber matrix

76
Q

where are adipocytes found?

A

subcutis

77
Q

glands and follicles are products of the ___

(dermis/epidermis)

A

epidermis

78
Q

label this image

A

A: stratum corneum

B: stratum lucidum

C: statrum granulocum

D: stratum spinosum

E: stratum basale

VETM 320 (18 decks)

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