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MOD > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Protozoa

A

free-living, single celled, eukaryotic cells

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2
Q

Intestinal protozoa

A

Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cuclospora cayetanensis, Cryptosporidium, Isospora belli

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3
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

found in developing world, often asymptomatic

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4
Q

Trophozoite

A

motile feeding form of the amoeba

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5
Q

Sxs of trophozoite

A

asymptomatic BUT if it erodes the intestinal mucosa it will cause loose stools (with blood and mucus) and abdominal pain; if it penetrates the portal blood circulation it may cause abscesses

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6
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

outbreaks occur when sewage contaminates water; interferes with fat absorption causing greasy diarrhea, gas, abdominal cramps

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7
Q

Cryptosporidium

A

outbreaks of diarrhea from contaminated water sources; causes diarrhea and abdominal pain, typically found in immunocompromise patients

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8
Q

Isospora and Cyclospora

A

cause severe diarrhea in immunocompromised patients, transmitted fecal-oral route; acid-fast!

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9
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

sexually transmitted; itching, burning on urination, copious vaginal secretions, males usually asymptomatic

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10
Q

Diagnosis of Trichomonas

A

microscopic exam of vaginal discharge and urine

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11
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

95% die within a week; fever, HA, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting after swimming

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12
Q

Acanthamoeba

A

chronic granulomatous brain infection of immunocomprimised patients; HA, fever, seizers, focal neuro signs

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13
Q

Balamuthia mandrillaris

A

chronic granulomatous skin lesions, amebic encephalitis, possibly asymptomatic

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14
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

most common in AIDS pts, undercooked meat and cat poop

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15
Q

Toxoplasma gondii presentation

A

fever, LN, liver, spleen enlargement, pneumonia, encephalitis and eye infection

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16
Q

Pneumocystis carinii

A

causes pneumonia in immunocompromised patients

17
Q

Malaria-causing protozoa

A

Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowlesi

18
Q

Transmission of malaria protozoa

A

anopheles mosquito, travels to liver and spreads into RBC where it reproduces

19
Q

Tertian malaria

A

P. ovale and P. vivax burst every two days causing chills and fever

20
Q

Quartan malaria

A

P. malariae bursts every 72 hours causing three day cycles of chills and fever

21
Q

Plasmodia sporozoites

A

thin, motile, spindle-shaped plasmodia; “pre-erythrocytic” stage

22
Q

Schizont

A

mass of replicated protozoa; only one cell but divides into merozoites

23
Q

Exo-erythrocytic cycle

A

repeating sporozoite formation

24
Q

Erythrocytic cycle

A

merozoites infiltrate bloodstream

25
Q

Hypnozoites

A

dormant form caused by P. viviax and P. ovale causing relapsing malaria

26
Q

Babesiosis

A

transmitted by a tick (carrier from mouse) and results in fever and hemolysis

27
Q

Leishmaniasis

A

carried by rodents, dogs, and foxes but transmitted to humans via sandfly; common in south and central america, africa, middle east; skin ulcerations that can progress to strike retroendothelial organs (liver and spleen)

28
Q

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

skin ulcer develops and heals in about a year; latin America and Texas

29
Q

Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Venezuela and Ethiopia, pts with deficient immune systems, nodular skin lesions across the body, nonulcerating

30
Q

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

dermal ulcer arises and heals, progresses to mucous membranes of nose and mouth

31
Q

Visceral leishmaniasis

A

abdominal discomfort and distension, low-grade fevers, anorexia, weight loss, massive splenomegaly

32
Q

African sleeping sickness

A

Tryapnosma transmitted by tsetse fly; hard, red, painful skin ulcer, fever, HA, dizziness, LN swelling can further develop into drowsiness, behavioral changes, difficulty walking, coma

33
Q

Chagas’ Disease

A

Trypanosoma cruzi; Americas; rodents, possums, armadillos via kissing bug

34
Q

Acute chagas’ disease

A

chagoma (hardened red area) develops at site of entry, followed with fever, malaise, swollen LN; will usually attack heart and CNS

35
Q

Chronic Chagas’ disease

A

arrhythmias, heart failure, poorly functioning esophagus, megacolon

36
Q

Balantidium coli

A

pig feces, trophozoites dig into intestinal wall, can be asymptomatic or have diarrhea

MOD (34 decks)

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