Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MOD > Intro to Bacteria Part 3 > Flashcards

Intro to Bacteria Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

H. influenzae growth medium

A

blood containing medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

H. influenzae virulence factor

A

polysaccharide capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

H. influenzae in children

A

causes meningitis, epiglottitis, septic arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

H. influenzae meningitis presentation

A

children present with fever, vomiting, altered mental status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

H. influenzae epiglottitis presentation

A

child presents with history of sore throat and fever, then develops stridor and is unable to swallow, may be excessively drooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

H. influenzae septic arthritis presentation

A

infants present with fever, pain, swelling, and decreased ROM in joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

H. influenzae sepsis presentation

A

Children between 6 months and 3 years present with fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, no evidence of localized disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

H. influenzae B vaccination

A

very difficult to stimulate an immune response in young children, cells are taught to fight against b capsule antigens with a variety of other vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

H. ducreyi associated disease and presentation

A

STI, chancroid; pt presents with painful genital ulcer, painful inguinal LN which may become matted and rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

H. ducreyi differential diagnoses

A

syphilis (but chancre is painless); herpes (accomp by fever and myalgias); Lymphogranula venerum (painless LN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis disease and presentation

A

vaginitis with anaerobic vaginal bacteria; women present with burning or itching of labia, dysuria, copious, foul smelling vaginal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clue cells

A

vaginal epithelial cells that contain pleomorphic bacilli in cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

B. pertussis disease association

A

whooping cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

B. pertussis virulence factors

A

pertussis toxin, extra cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase, filamentous hemagglutinin, tracheal cytotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pertussis toxin

A

A and B subunits, causes histamine sensitization, increase in insulin synthesis, promotion of lymphocyte production and inhibition of phagocytosis; ultimately increase cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Extra cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase in B. pertussis

A

cAMP production results in impaired chemotaxis and generation of H2O2 and superoxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Filamentous hemagglutinin in B. pertussis

A

pili that assists in binding to epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tracheal cytotoxin in B. pertussis

A

destroys ciliated epithelial cells; impaired clearance of bacteria, mucus, inflammatory exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Legionella pneumohpila characteristics

A

aerobic G- rod, contaminated water sources; facultative intracellular parasite, survives in a biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pontiac fever

A

HA, muscle aches, fatigue, fever, chills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Legionnaires’ disease

A

pts develop high fevers and severe pneumonia, HA, confusion, myalgias, cough, elevated liver enzymes, hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Y. pestis disease association

A

bubonic plague carried by rats and fleas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Y. pestis F1

A

capsular antigen with antiphagocytic properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Y. pestis V and W antigens

A

actions unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Y. pestis characteristics

A

G- with bipolar staining pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Y. pestis presentation

A

nodes are hot, red, painful, fever, HA, hemorrhages under skin lead to black discoloration; pt may be hiking in AZ or NM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Francisella rularenis disease association

A

Tularemia, infects rabbits, ticks, deerflies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ulceroglandular tularemia

A

F. rularenis; hole in skin with black base, fever, swollen LN, skin ulcer differs from plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Pneumonic tularemia

A

aerosolized bacteria infects lungs leading to pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Brucella transmission

A

contact with infected animal meat or aborted placentas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Brucella transmission

A

Meat-packing worker, vet, farmer, traveler presents with fever, chills, sweat, loss of appetite, backache, ha, lymphadenopathy, undulant fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pasturella multocida

A

G- zoonotic organism, colonizes mouths of cats; pt will present with cat bite or scratch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Chlamydia infections

A

conjunctivitis, cervicitis, pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Chlamydia elementary body

A

metabolically inert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Chlamydia initial body

A

enveloped in a cell, produces it’s own DNA/RNA/protein, but relies on the cell for ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Chlamydia life cycle

A

EB enters columnar epithelial cells, transforms into an IB(or multiple IBs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

infects eyes and genitals, chronic conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Inclusion conjunctivitis

A

C. trachomatis, conjunctival inflammation with purulent yellow discharge and swelling of eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Infant pneumonia with C. trachomatis

A

infant in first 4-11 weeks of life, UR sxs, rapid breathing, cough, and resp distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Urethritis with C. trachomatis

A

nongonococcal urethritis; usually asymptomatic but may develop dysuria, mucoid discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cervicitis and PID, C. trichomatis

A

red, swollen, yellow mucopurulent discharge from cervix, can spread upward to cause PID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

PID presentation

A

abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding, dyspareunia, nausea, vomiting, fever, lower abd pain, “chandelier sign”

may cause infertility, tubal pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Epididymitis, C. trichomatis

A

urethritis, unilateral scrotal swelling, tenderness, pain, fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Reiter’s syndrome

A

arthritis of large joints in men between 20 and 40, inflammation of eyes and urethritis; C. trichomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

A

infection of liver capsule with symptoms of RUQ pain in men and women; C. trichomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Lymphogranuloma Venerum

A

STI caused by C. trachomatis, painless ulceration or papule that may heal spontaneously, followed by LN enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci

A

common in birds, will cause atypical pneumonia called psittacosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Atypical pneumonia presentation

A

dry cough, fever, less “sick-looking,” less well-defined infiltrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

A

Taiwan and Acute Respiratory, atypical pneumonia in young adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Rickettsia characteristics

A

small, G-, non-motile, obligate intracellular energy parasites

51
Q

How does Rickettsia differ from Chlamydia?

A

requires an arthropod, replicates in cytoplasm, tropism for endothelial cells, causes rashes, fevers, headaches, conjunctivitis

52
Q

Weil-Felix reaction

A

test for Rickettsia, cross-reactivity between Proteus vulgaris and Rickettsia

53
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever, caused by tick; fever, conjunctival redness, severe HA, rash that starts on limbs and moves toward trunk

54
Q

Rickettsia akari

A

rickettsialpox, mites on mice; mild, febrile dz with a small bump that turns into a blister, HA may develop along with other vesicles over the body

55
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii

A

Epidemic typhus, often transmitted by lice; fever and HA, small pink macules on trunk that spare limbs, blood vessel clotting

56
Q

Brill-Zinsser Disease

A

latent Rickettsia prowazekii, no skin rash and milder symptoms

57
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A

endemic or murine typhus, rodents and fleas responsible for transmission; 10 day incubation period followed by fever, HA, rash

58
Q

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

A

Asia and south pacific, transmission via rodents and chiggers; high fever, HA, scab at bite site

59
Q

Rickettsia parkeri

A

fever, HA, eschars, regional lymphadenopathy

60
Q

Rickettsia africae

A

African tick-bite, unexplained fever

61
Q

Bartonella quintana

A

louse-borne febrile dz; not an obligate intracellular organism; fevers, HA, rash, severe back and leg pains

62
Q

Bartionella henselae

A

Cat-scratch disease, regional LN enlarge, low-grade fever and malaise; bacteremia, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis

63
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A

Q fever, has an endospore form which can contaminate milk and are aerosolized; pneumonia, NO RASH, fever and soaking sweats

64
Q

Erlichia chaffeensis

A

tick-borne dz similar to Rocky Mountain spotted fever but does not cause a rash

65
Q

Spirochetes characteristics

A

slender, tightly coiled, G- bacteria

66
Q

Unique characteristics of spirochetes

A

surrounded by phospholipid rich outer membranes, periplasmic flagella, very difficult to culture, other methods needed to identify

67
Q

Disease manifestations of treponema are caused by what?

A

host’s immune responses

68
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

STI, syphilis; most often occurs in MSM or other high-risk sexual behavior; penetrates mucous membranes or invased via abrasias

69
Q

Primary syphilis

A

painless chancre that erupts 3-6 weeks after contact, non-tender lymphoid swelling; “firm, ulcerated painless lesion”

70
Q

Secondary syphilis

A

bacteremic stage occurs 6 weeks after chancre has healed, widespread rash and generalized lymphadenopathy, condyloma latum (wartlike lesion that can ulcerate)

71
Q

Latent syphilis

A

secondary syphilis has resolved, asymptomatic but some may relapse

72
Q

Tertiary syphilis

A

can develop over 6-40 years, inflammatory damage

73
Q

Gummatous syphilis

A

localized granulomatous lesions which necrose and become fibrotic (skin and bone), painful

74
Q

Cardiovascular syphilis

A

aneurysm in aortic arch and destruction of vasa vorum leading to destruction of media layer of aorta (cannot be reversed with antibiotics)

75
Q

Neurosyphilis

A

asymptomatic, subacute meningitis, meningovascular syphilis, tabes dorsalis, general paresis (mental deterioration)

76
Q

Argyll-Robertson pupil

A

constricts during accommodation but does not react to light, midbrain lesion

77
Q

Syphilis Rule of Sixes

A

6 axial filaments, 6 week incubation, 6 weeks for ulcer to heal, 6 weeks later secondary syphilis develops, 6 weeks for secondary to resolve, 66% don’t develop tertiary, 6 years to develop tertiary

78
Q

Congenital syphilis

A

occurs when mother contracts syphilis during pregnancy which then crosses the placenta

79
Q

Early congenital syphilis

A

wide spread rash, condyloma latum, runny nose, LN, liver, spleen enlargements, bone infection

80
Q

Late congenital syphilis

A

neurosyphilis, CNVIII deficit, periosteal inflammation, saddle nose, saber shins, tooth deformities, eye disease

81
Q

Diagnosing syphilis

A

Primary or secondary diagnosed with microscopic examination of specimen from chancre; nonspecific treponemal tests (abs to cardiolipin and lecithin); specific treponemal test (specific abs for treponema)

82
Q

Jarisch-Herxheimer phenomenon

A

worsening of symptoms after abx start; mild fever, chills malaise, HA, muscle aches

83
Q

Treponema pallidum subspecies Endemicum

A

desert zones of Africa and Middle East, spread by sharing drinking and eating utensils, oral mucosa lesions

84
Q

Treponema pallidum subspecies pertenue

A

Yaws, disease of tropics spread via mouth ulcers, disfiguring lesions

85
Q

Treponema pallidum subspecies carateum

A

limited to rural Latin America, red and blue colored lesions over body

86
Q

Borrelia

A

observed under light microscopy, known to cause relapsing fever and Lyme

87
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

tick-borne illness, painful lesion at point of inoculation

88
Q

Early localized stage Lyme

A

10 days after bite, erythema chronicum migrans

89
Q

Early disseminated stage Lyme

A

dissemination to skin, nervous system, heart, joints; more lesions, meningitis, cranial nerve palsies, peripheral neuropathy, migratory joint pain

90
Q

Late stage Lyme

A

chronic arthritis, encephalopathy

91
Q

Borrelia recurrentis

A

relapsing fever, transmitted via lice; high fever, chills, HA, drenching sweats, may relapse after 8 days

92
Q

Leptospira

A

aerobic spirochetes wound up in a tight coil, found in contaminated urine

93
Q

leptospiremic phase

A

first phase of leptospira infection, bacteria invade blood and CSF; high fever, HA, malaise, stiff muscles, red conjunctiva, photophobia

94
Q

Immune phase leptospira infection

A

IgM ab appearance, may develop meningismus

95
Q

Weil’s disease

A

infectious jaundice caused by leptospira interrogans, subbroup icterohemorrhagiae; renal failure, hepatitis with jaundice, mental status changes

96
Q

Mycobacterium characteristics

A

thin, beaded rods with lipid laden cell walls that only infect humans; acid-fast

97
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

increasingly common in HIV/AIDS pts, commonly will colonize lungs

98
Q

Mycosides

A

lipid only found in acid-fast bacteria

99
Q

Mycolic acid

A

large fatty acid

100
Q

Mycoside

A

mycolic acid bound to carb

101
Q

Cord factor

A

mycoside formed by union of mycolic acids with disaccharide; inhibits neutrophil migration and damages mitochondria

102
Q

Sulfatides

A

cord factor with sulfates attached to disaccaride, inhibit phagosome fusing with lysosome

103
Q

Wax D

A

mycoside that enhances antibody formation

104
Q

M. tuberculosis as a facultative intracellular organism

A

triggers an infiltriation of neutrophils and macrophages, will live in the macrophages

105
Q

Cell-mediated immunity in TB

A

T cells and macrophages kill Mycobacterium and may cause local destruction and necrosis, granuloma formation

106
Q

asymptomatic primary TB

A

caseous granuloma formation and scarring, tubercles are often too small to be seen

107
Q

symptomatic primary TB

A

children, elderly, immunocompromised; enlarged mediastinal or hilar LN, lower and middle lung infiltrates, may form cavitary lesions

108
Q

Reactivation TB

A

will occur in any organs seeded in primary infection

109
Q

Organ systems that can be involved in TB

A

pulmonary, pleural and pericardial infection, LN infection, kidney, bones, joints, CNS, miliary TB

110
Q

TB diagnosis

A

PPD skin test, chest x-ray, sputum acid-fast stain and culture, rapid molecular detection

111
Q

TB rule of fives

A

droplet nuclei are 5 micrometers and contain 5 m. tuberculosis bacilli, infected patients have a 5% reactivation risk in first 2 years and 5% lifetime risk, pts with HIV have a “5+5% risk of reactivation per year

112
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

acid-fast rod that causes leprosy, colonizes in cooler areas of the body

113
Q

Lepromatous leprosy

A

severest form because pts cannot mount a cell-mediated response, skin lesions cover whole body
9leonine facies, saddlenose deformity, loss of sensation)

114
Q

Tuberculoid leprosy

A

able to mount cell-mediated response, skin damage is milder, unilateral skin and n. involvement

115
Q

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria

A

found in soil and water; can be asymptomatic or cause pneumonia

116
Q

Mycobacterium avium-complex disease presentation

A

Pt with AIDS presents with unexplained fevers, weight loss, diarrhea, malaise, elevated alkaline phosphatase; presents as upper lung issues in men and lower lung issues in women

117
Q

Mycoplasma characteristics

A

tiniest free-living organisms capable of self-replication, no cell wall and are free to contort

118
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

bronchitis and pneumonia, number one cause in teenagers and adults; fever, sore throat, malaise, dry cough

119
Q

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A

severe skin rxn characterized by erythematous vesicles and bullae over mucocutaneous junctions

120
Q

Cold agglutinins

A

IgM abs directed towards “I” antigen on RBC; blood will clump together when it is cold

121
Q

Complement fixation test

A

serum mixed with antigens, rise in ab titer

122
Q

Sputum culture M. pneumoniae

A

cholesterol and nucleic acid media, takes 2-3 weeks

123
Q

Mycoplasma DNA probe

A

label bacteria DNA

124
Q

Ureaplasma urealyticum

A

metabolizes urea, causes non-gonoccocal urethritis

MOD (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions