Helminths

Question 1

Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 1

often occurs in tropics and mountainous areas of US due to contaminated food; burrow into the bloodstream of the small intestine and go to lungs where the larvae can grow

Question 2

Necator americanus

Answer 2

lives in soil and eats bacteria and vegetation; burrow between toes and travel to lungs

Question 3

Strongyloides stercoralis autoinfection

Answer 3

larvae penetrate intestine and go to lung

Question 4

Strongyloides stercoralis Direct cycle

Answer 4

pass out in feces and survive in the soil then penetrate next passerby

Question 5

Strongyloides stercoralis indirect cycle

Answer 5

larvae pass in feces and undergo sexual reproduction where they can reinfect another human

Question 6

Trichinella spiralis

Answer 6

found in raw pork; pts may have abd pain, diarrhea, fever, fevers and muscle aches

Question 7

Trichuris trichuria

Answer 7

slow life cycle, commonly found in cecum and ascending colon

Question 8

Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 8

mature in cecum and ascending colon; perianal itching

Question 9

Onchocerca volvulus

Answer 9

Africa, Central and South America, transmitted with black flies; subcutaneous tissue that migrate into dermis; develop pruritic skin rash, intraepithelial granulomas

Question 10

Wuchereria bancrofti is endemic in which areas

Answer 10

Pacific islands and Africa

Question 11

Brugia malayi is endemic in which areas

Answer 11

Malay Peninsula and south east Asia

Question 12

Wuchereria and Brugia sxs

Answer 12

fever, HA, swollen inguinal LN, elephantitis

Question 13

Dracunculus medinensis

Answer 13

found in Asian freshwater copepods; allergic sxs like N/V, hives, breathlessness

Question 14

Schistosoma

Answer 14

found in freshwater, remain in venous system

Question 15

Clinical manifestations of schistosoma

Answer 15

dermatiits, Katayama fever, chronic fibrosis–itchy skin, rash, fever, hives, HA, weight loss, liver, spleen and LN enlargement, portal hypertension, etc.

Question 16

Taenia solium

Answer 16

undercooked pork; may be asymptomatic but if cysticerosis occurs cysts can develop in brain and skeletal muscles (neuro deficits, hydrocephalus, seizures)

Question 17

Taenia saginata

Answer 17

found in beef, asymptomatic but may develop malnutrition and weight loss

Question 18

Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 18

fish tapeworm; B12 deficiency and anemia

Question 19

Hymenolepis nana

Answer 19

abdominal disconfort, nausea and vomiting

Question 20

Echinococcus granulosus and multilocularis

Answer 20

found in dogs and sheep, concentrate in liver; humans are extremely allergic to cystic fluid