Intro to Viruses Part 2

Question 1

Poxviridae structure

Answer 1

Box shaped with DNA at center

Question 2

Poxviridae associated disease

Answer 2

smallpox, molluscom

Question 3

Why is poxviridae still a threat although it is mostly eradicated?

Answer 3

decline in routine vaccination, no known treatment, easily used in bioterrorism

Question 4

Smallpox skin rash features

Answer 4

synchronous, deep lesions that develop at the same time, prominent on face and palms

Question 5

Papovaviridae members

Answer 5

Papilloma Virus (Cervical CA and warts), polyoma virus, simian vacuolating virus (does not infect humans)

Question 6

Papovaviridae genome

Answer 6

circular ds RNA

Question 7

Tropism for papilloma virus

Answer 7

squamous epithelial cells

Question 8

BK Polyomavirus

Answer 8

very common in children, primarily a symptomatic disease in immunocompromised pts, nephritis and ureteral stenosis

Question 9

JC Polyomavirus

Answer 9

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunocompromised patients, white matter damage; memory loss, poor speech, lack of coordination

Question 10

Adenoviridae

Answer 10

upper resp tract infection, coughing and sneezing; rhinitis, conjunctivitis, sore throat, cough

Question 11

Parvoviridae

Answer 11

erythema infectiosum; fever and rash on cheeks; transient aplastic anemia (stops RBC production)

Question 12

Arboviruses

Answer 12

bunyaviridae, togaviridae, flaviviridae; transmitted by arthropods and cause fever and encephalitis

Question 13

Togaviridae, Alpha viruses

Answer 13

encephalitis; western equine encephalitis (west US and canada), EEE (eastern US), VEEE (south and central america, southern US)

Question 14

Chikungunya

Answer 14

mosquito-borne virus common in Africa and Asia; fever, rash, joint pain/swelling

Question 15

Togaviridae, Rubivirus

Answer 15

NOT and arbovirus; mild febrile illness with rash, lymphadenopathy and flu like symptoms; TORCH organism (heart, eye, CNS)

Question 16

Flaviviridae

Answer 16

cause St. Louis encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue fever, west nile virus

Question 17

Yellow fever

Answer 17

hepatitis with jaundice, fever, backache, nausea, vomiting; common in Panama canal and now Africa

Question 18

Dengue fever

Answer 18

febrile disease that occurs in the tropics; causes backache, muscle and joint pain, HA, fever

Question 19

West Nile Virus

Answer 19

flaviviridae virus commonly transmitted thru mosquito bites but can also be transmitted through blood transfusion, organ transplant, transplacentally

Question 20

Clinical manifestations of West Nile

Answer 20

most will be asymptomatic; may develop HA and maculopapular rash, fatigue, weakness, difficulty consentrating, encephalitis or paresis

Question 21

Bunyaviridae

Answer 21

fever and encephalitis; California encephalitis and Rift Valley fever

Question 22

Hantavirus

Answer 22

Bunyaviridae family, influenza-like illness followed by respiratory failure; hemorrhagic fever with renal failure, rodent vector

Question 23

Picornaviridae common pathogens

Answer 23

enterovirus, rhinovirus, hepatovirus, parechovirus

Question 24

Enterovirus subgroups

Answer 24

polio, Coxackie A and B, echovirus, new viruses, rhinovirus

Question 25

Poliovirus

Answer 25

infects Peyer’s patches and motor neurons,

Question 26

Disease manifestations of polio

Answer 26

Mild: mild febrile viral illness(infants in less developed nations)
Aseptic meningitis: fever and meningismus
Paralytic poliomyelitis: destroys presynaptic motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cords; peripheral motor deficits

Question 27

Coxsackie A

Answer 27

asymptomatic or mild febrile infections, respiratory symptoms, rashes; herpangina, Hand, foot, and mouth dz

Question 28

Coxsackie B

Answer 28

organ damage, pleurodynia (fever, HA, lower thoracic pain), myocarditis/pericarditis

Question 29

Viruses that cause the common cold

Answer 29

rhinovirus, coronaviridae

Question 30

SARS clinical features

Answer 30

severe acute respiratory syndrome; fevers, myalgias, chills, dry cough, chest pain, shortness of breath

Question 31

Viruses that cause diarrhea

Answer 31

acquired by fecal-oral route; fever, abd pain, diarrhea common in infants and young children

Question 32

Calciviridae

Answer 32

young children and infects primarily infected, incomparable from rotavirus

Question 33

Norwalk virus

Answer 33

diarrhea and severe vomiting

Question 34

Norovirus

Answer 34

acute infectious diarrheal outbreaks on cruise ships

Question 35

Rotavirus

Answer 35

leading cause of acute infectious diarrhea

Question 36

Astroviruses

Answer 36

periodic diarrhea outbreaks in infants, children, and elderly

Question 37

Rhabdoviridae

Answer 37

bullet-shaped nucleocapsids commonly found in warm-blooded animals; causes fatal encephalitis

Question 38

Negri bodies

Answer 38

neuropathic changes in brain cells and pathognomonic collections of virions in cyroplasm

Question 39

Prodrome Rabies

Answer 39

fever, HA, sore throat, fatigue, nausea, sensitive nerves

Question 40

Acute encephalitis rabies

Answer 40

hyperactivity, agitation, confusion, mengismus, seizures

Question 41

Classical brainstem encephalitis rabies

Answer 41

cranial nerve dysfx and contractions of pharyngeal muscles, inability to swallow

Question 42

Ebola birus

Answer 42

flivoviridae, fever, HA, muscle aches, pharyngitis, bloody diarrhea, weakness, dysphagia, hiccups

Question 43

Arenaviridae

Answer 43

Lassa fever virus and south American Hemorrhagic fever viruses