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MOD > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Yeast

A

unicellular, typically spherical fungi

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2
Q

hyphae

A

threadlike, branching, cylindrical tubules composed of fungal cells

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3
Q

molds

A

multicellular colonies composed of clumps

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4
Q

spores

A

reproducing bodies of mold

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5
Q

dimorphic fungi

A

can grow as yeast or mold depending on environmental conditions

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6
Q

saprophytes

A

live in and use organic matter as energy source

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7
Q

essential sterol in fungi

A

ergosterol

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8
Q

Pityriasis versicolor

A

superficial fungal infection that can lead to hyper or hypopigmented patches of the skin; caused by Malassezia furfur

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9
Q

Tinea nigra

A

superficial fungal infection that causes dark patches on soles of hands and feet; caused by Exophiala werneckii

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10
Q

Diagnosis of superficial fungal infections

A

skin scrapings mixed with KOH

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11
Q

Manifestation of keratin digestion

A

scaling skin, loss of hair, crumbling of nails

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12
Q

Tinea corporis

A

ring shape with red border in cutaneous layer

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13
Q

Tinea cruris

A

itchy red patches on groin and scrotum

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14
Q

Tinea pedis

A

cracking and peeling skin between toes

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15
Q

Tinea capitis

A

red scaly lesions with loss of hair

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16
Q

Tinea unguium

A

nails are thickened and discolored

17
Q

Candida albicans

A

cutaneous fungal infection that can infect mouth, groin, vagina

18
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

sporotrichosis (occupational hazard for gardeners), subcutaneous nodule that becomes necrotic and ulcerates, follows lymphatic vessels

19
Q

Phialophora and Cladosporium

A

chromoblastomycosis, following a puncture wound a violet colored wartlike lesion develops

20
Q

Histoplasma and blastomyces are endemic in what areas?

A

areas that drain into Mississippi river

21
Q

Coccidioides is endemic to what areas?

A

southwest US and northern Mexico

22
Q

Asymptomatic fungal infections

A

may involve a mild respiratory illness that goes unreported

23
Q

Pneumonia caused fungal infections

A

mild pneumonia with fever, cough, chest S-ray infiltrates

24
Q

Disseminated fungal infection

A

meningitis, bone lytic granulomas, skin granulomas and other organ lesions

25
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum features

A

nonencapsulated, present in bird and bat droppings; inhaled causing infection of lung

26
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis features

A

found in soil and rotten wood, rare infection but may cause chronic disseminated disease

27
Q

Coccidioides immitis

A

mild pneumonia in SW US, common in AIDS patients

28
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii

A

major manifestation is meningoencephalitis, mostly occurs in immunocompromised pts, may cause HA, nausea, confusion, staggering gait, CN deficits; can also cause pneumonia, skin ulcers and bone lesions

29
Q

Candida albicans

A

typically seen in women with vaginitis, babies with diaper rash, AIDS pts, etc.

30
Q

Diseases caused by Candida albicans in immunocompetent patients

A

oral thrush, vaginitis, diaper rash

31
Q

Diseases caused by Candida albicans in immunocompromised patients

A

esophagitis, disseminated (found in blood)

32
Q

Aspergillus major diseases

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, aspergilloma, invasive aspergillosis

33
Q

Manifestations of ABPA

A

asthma-type reaction, type 1 hypersensitivity

34
Q

Aspergilloma

A

ball of fungus found in lung cavitations (malignancies or tuberculosis)

35
Q

Mucormycosis

A

opportunistic disease typically seen in pts with acidosis, immunocompromised, burn patients, or pts on deferoxamine; rhinocerebral and pulmonary involvement

36
Q

Actinomyces Israelii

A

bacteria acting like fungi, G+ rod; causes eroding abscesses; sulfur granules are often found in abscesses

37
Q

Nocardia asteroides

A

G+ rod; acid-fast and very similar to TB, immunocompromised pts are most at risk

MOD (34 decks)

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